二进制安装
1) 安装依赖包
yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel -y
2)创建用户
groupadd mysql -g 666useradd mysql -u 666 -g 666-s /sbin/nologin -M
3)解压
mkdir /application mkdir /server/tools -pcd /server/tools/tar xf mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gzmv mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.7.20
4)创建日志
mkdir /application/mysql-5.7.20/data #用于存放数据库数据mkdir /application/mysql-5.7.20/tmp #用于存放socket文件ln -s /application/mysql-5.7.20/ /application/mysqltouch /application/mysql-5.7.20/mysql.log
5)初始化数据
#初始化数据库命令/application/mysql-5.7.20/bin/mysqld --initialize --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql-5.7.20 --datadir=/application/mysql-5.7.20/data#这里会生成MySQL第一次登录使用的临时密码,需要保存下来2019-01-13T16:11:48.234884Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ,rK+/7/AvOF:参数解释:--initialize #初始化mysql--user=mysql #指定mysql用户--basedir #指定mysql基础目录--datadir #指定mysql数据存放目录
6)授权
chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql-5.7.20
7)添加配置文件
#1.修改启动脚本内容中的路径cd /application/mysql/support-files/sed -i 's#/usr/local#/application/mysql#g' mysql.servercp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld#2.配置my.cnf[root@db01 /]# vim /etc/my.cnf[mysqld]basedir=/application/mysqldatadir=/application/mysql/datasocket=/application/mysql/tmp/mysql.sockcharacter-set-server=utf8port=3306server_id=10log-error=/application/mysql/mysql.loglog-bin=/application/mysql/data/mysql-binbinlog_format=rowskip_name_resolve[mysql]socket=/application/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock[mysqladmin]socket=/application/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock#3.启动mysql/etc/init.d/mysqld startnetstat -lntup |grep 3306
8)配置环境变量
echo 'export "PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH"' >>/etc/profilesource /etc/profile
9)修改密码
[root@db01 /]# mysql -uroot -p,rK+/7/AvOF:[root@db01 /]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password 123456Enter password: #输入旧密码
源码安装
1)依赖包
yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel cmake -y
2)创建用户
groupadd mysql -g 666useradd mysql -u 666 -g 666 -s /sbin/nologin -M
3)安装目录
mkdir /server/tools -pmkdir /application -p
4)编译
cd /server/tools/rz mysql-5.7.20.tar.gz[root@db01 tools]# tar xf mysql-5.7.20.tar.gz[root@db01 tools]# cd mysql-5.7.20/[root@db02 mysql-5.7.20]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.7.20 \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.7.20/data \ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR==/application/mysql-5.7.20/tmp/mysql.sock \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \ -DMYSQL_USER=mysql \ -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 \ -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 \ -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost [root@db01 mysql-5.6.36]# make && make install编译参数解释:-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX #MySQL安装的路径-DMYSQL_DATADIR #存放MySQL数据的路径-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR #MyQSL启动后的sock存放路径-DDEFAULT_CHARSET #MySQL数据库中的字符集-DWITH_BOOST #mysql源码中用到了C++的Boost库 -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS #例如boost路径填/usr/local/boost,它会在这个目录找,找不到就会自己下载到该目录
5)目录介绍
[root@db01 mysql-5.7.20]# tree -L 1 /application/mysql-5.7.20//application/mysql-5.7.20/├── bin #存放mysql命令├── COPYING├── COPYING-test├── docs #自带帮助文件├── include├── lib #lib库├── man├── mysql-test├── README├── README-test├── share└── support-files
6)配置文件
#1.创建软连接[root@db01 /]# ln -s /application/mysql-5.7.20/ /application/mysql #2.配置/etc/my.cnf(5.7版本默认不自带my.cnf模板文件)[root@db01 /]#vim /etc/my.cnf[mysqld]basedir=/application/mysqldatadir=/application/mysql/datasocket=/application/mysql/tmp/mysql.sockcharacter-set-server=utf8port=3306server_id=10log-error=/application/mysql/mysql.loglog-bin=/application/mysql/data/mysql-binbinlog_format=rowskip_name_resolve[client]socket=/application/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock #3.创建/application/mysql/tmp目录用于存放mysql sock文件,并设置mysql目录权限[root@db01 ~]# mkdir /application/mysql/tmp -p[root@db01 ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/ #4.创建错误日志文件[root@db01 ~]# touch /application/mysql-5.7.20/mysql.log #5.初始化数据库(所有的初始化信息都保存在mysql日志文件中,包括初始化的root密码)[root@db01 ~]# mkdir /application/mysql-5.7.20/data[root@db01 ~]# /application/mysql-5.7.20/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql-5.7.20 --datadir=/application/mysql-5.7.20/data #6.复制mysql启动脚本至/etc/init.d/mysqld,该脚本用于mysql启动,重启以及关闭[root@db01 ~]# cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld #7.启动mysql数据库,mysql默认端口为3306[root@db01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start[root@db01 ~]# netstat -lntup |grep 3306 #8.增加mysql环境变量,为了可以直接在命令行执行mysql命令[root@db01 ~]# echo 'export "PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH"' >>/etc/profile[root@db01 ~]# tail -1 /etc/profile[root@db01 ~]# source /etc/profile[root@db01 ~]# echo $PATH
7)修改密码
[root@db01 /]# grep "temporary password" /application/mysql/mysql.log2019-01-14T03:22:24.841670Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: H#hbzsuPl1/-[root@db01 /]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password "123456"Enter password: #输入旧密码进行更改[root@db01 /]# mysql -uroot -p123456 #输入新密码进入数据库
Yum安装
1)安装目录
mkdir /server/tools -pcd /server/tools/
2)下载对应源
wget http://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
3)安装
yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpmyum -y install mysql-community-server.x86_64
4)启动
systemctl start mysqldsystemctl enable mysqldnetstat -lntup |grep 3306
5)修改密码
# mysql安装完成后,会在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中给root生成一个默认的登录密码[root@db01 /]# grep "temporary password" /var/log/mysqld.log2019-01-14T02:04:55.465890Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: al_gF&9eZUjW#进入mysql命令行,修改密码为:MyNewPass4![root@db01 /]# mysql -uroot -p"al_gF&9eZUjW"mysql> set password = password('MyNewPass4!');注意:mysql5.7默认安装了密码安全检查插件(validate_password),默认密码检查策略要求密码必须包含:大小写字母、数字和特殊符号,并且长度不能少于8位
6)修改mysql组策略
#1.查看系统密码策略[root@db01 /]# mysql -uroot -pMyNewPass4! -e "show variables like '%password%';" |grep "length"validate_password_length 8#2.在/etc/my.cnf配置文件中添加validate_password_policy配置,指定密码策略[mysqld]#validate_password_policy=0 #指定密码策略 0(LOW),1(MEDIUM),2(STRONG)其中一种,选择2需要提供密码字典文件validate_password = off #禁用密码策略#重新启动mysql服务使配置生效:systemctl restart mysqld#再次修改mysql密码[root@db01 /]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password 123456Enter password: #输入旧密码MyNewPass4!完成更改
默认配置文件
/etc/my.cnf #配置文件/var/log/mysqld.log #日志文件/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid #socket文件
忘记密码如何登陆?
#在[mysqld]的段中加上一句:skip-grant-tables 保存并且退出vi。mysql -u rootupdate mysql.user set authentication_string=password('123qwe') where user='root' and Host = 'localhost';flush privileges