如何创建多列主键mysql,如何在MySQL中通过多列主键选择多行？

I have a table with a multi-column primary key (city/state/date) and many more columns of data. I'm looking to get the latest data for each city/state. How do I do that cleanly/efficiently? Right now I can do this by doing a first query to get the list of all the rows I'm trying to fetch, followed by a second query with a massive WHERE clause:

SELECT state, city, max(date) from data GROUP BY city, state;

+-------+---------------------+------------+

| state | city | MAX(date) |

+-------+---------------------+------------+

| CA | San Francisco | 2013-09-01 |

| CA | Los Angeles | 2013-08-01 |

| NY | New York | 2013-10-01 |

| ... | ... (many rows) ... | ... |

+-------+---------------------+------------+

SELECT * FROM data WHERE

(state = "CA" AND city = "San Francisco" AND date='2013-09-01') OR

(state = "CA" AND city = "Los Angeles" AND date='2013-08-01') OR

(state = "NY" AND city = "New York" AND date='2013-10-01') OR

...

This is really ugly and inefficient, and if the first query returns a lot of rows my second query might be too long. Clearly if I have a single-column primary key I could use a subselect with IN(), but that's not really possible here. Any suggestions?

UPDATE: I tried Bill's suggestion with a subselect, but it's not using any keys and is taking forever. If I restrict the subselect to only return 5 rows it returns in 0.64s. If I let it return all 73 city/state combinations, it takes a very long time (query still running).

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM data WHERE (city, state, date) IN (SELECT state, city, MAX(date) FROM data GROUP BY city, state)

+----+--------------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |

+----+--------------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------------+

| 1 | PRIMARY | data | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 13342 | Using where |

| 2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | data | index | NULL | PRIMARY | 57 | NULL | 8058 | Using index |

+----+--------------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+-------+-------------+

解决方案

I think this should do the trick for you:

select

*

from

data t1

natural join

(

select

city,

state,

max(date) as date

from

data

group by

city,

state

) t2;