oracle 生产txt,[20191128]oracle Audit文件管理2.txt

本文档详细记录了一次针对Oracle数据库审计功能的测试过程,包括audit_file_dest、audit_sys_operations和audit_syslog_level参数的设置与影响。测试涉及审计文件路径、syslog服务配置、审计级别以及参数修改对审计日志的影响。测试结果显示audit_syslog_level的配置需与syslog服务匹配,否则可能导致审计信息丢失。
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[20191128]oracle Audit文件管理2.txt

--//以前的测试,http://blog.itpub.net/267265/viewspace-2646161/ => [20190530]oracle Audit文件管理.txt

--//今天我检查发现exadata的asm实例配置的是:

SQL> show parameter audit

NAME                 TYPE        VALUE

-------------------- ----------- ------------------------------

audit_file_dest      string      /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/rdbms/audit

audit_sys_operations boolean     FALSE

audit_syslog_level   string      LOCAL0.INFO

--//exadate oracle的实施人员修改参数audit_syslog_level指向了LOCAL0.INFO.不过audit_sys_operations=false

--//而且实施人员并没有定义LOCAL0.INFO在/etc/syslog.conf文件中(有一些系统使用rsyslog代替syslog)

# grep -i local0 /etc/syslog.conf

# grep -i 'local0.info' /etc/rsyslog.conf

--//两者都无显示.顺便说一下我们使用的是rsyslog服务.

# service syslog status

syslogd is stopped

klogd is stopped

#  service rsyslog status

rsyslogd (pid  116746) is running...

--//感觉oracle的实施人员有点丢脸.没注意细节....

--//补充测试修改这些参数是否需要重启数据库,以及其它一些细节问题.

1.环境:

SYS@book> @ ver1

PORT_STRING                    VERSION        BANNER

------------------------------ -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

x86_64/Linux 2.4.xx            11.2.0.4.0     Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

2.测试1:

--//修改参数是否需要重启.

SYS@book> show parameter audit

NAME                 TYPE    VALUE

-------------------- ------- --------------------------------

audit_file_dest      string  /u01/app/oracle/admin/book/adump

audit_sys_operations boolean TRUE

audit_syslog_level   string  LOCAL0.INFO

audit_trail          string  DB, EXTENDED

# grep "local0" /etc/syslog.conf

local0.info                     /var/log/oracleaudit.log

SYS@book> alter system set audit_sys_operations=false ;

alter system set audit_sys_operations=false

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-02095: specified initialization parameter cannot be modified

SYS@book> alter system set audit_syslog_level=LOCAL1.INFO;

alter system set audit_syslog_level=LOCAL1.INFO

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-02095: specified initialization parameter cannot be modified

--//不行!!

--//audit_sys_operations,audit_syslog_level都不能在线修改.

3.测试2:

--//如果audit_sys_operations=false,audit_syslog_level=LOCAL0.INFO会怎样?

SYS@book> alter system set audit_sys_operations=false scope=spfile;

System altered.

--//重启数据库.

--//可以发现登录审计依旧记录在/var/log/oracleaudit.log,但是执行的命令不记录在/var/log/oracleaudit.log文件中.

# tail -f  /var/log/oracleaudit.log

--//执行如下可以发现tail -f没有输出.

SYS@book> show sga

Total System Global Area  643084288 bytes

Fixed Size                  2255872 bytes

Variable Size             205521920 bytes

Database Buffers          427819008 bytes

Redo Buffers                7487488 bytes

4.测试3:

SYS@book> alter system set audit_sys_operations=true scope=spfile;

System altered.

SYS@book> shutdown immediate ;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SYS@book> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  643084288 bytes

Fixed Size                  2255872 bytes

Variable Size             205521920 bytes

Database Buffers          427819008 bytes

Redo Buffers                7487488 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

--//另外注意一点不管何种方式模式,启动的时候在目录/u01/app/oracle/admin/book/adump都会有记录.也就是还是有点东西记录在这个

--//目录.不过不会很多,除非你经常重启asm实例.

$ ls -ltr | grep 2019-11-28

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 770 2019-11-28 15:22:15 book_ora_28379_20191128152215303883143795.aud

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 770 2019-11-28 15:28:26 book_ora_28615_20191128152826802446143795.aud

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 770 2019-11-28 15:34:17 book_ora_28726_20191128153417006021143795.aud

SYS@book> select sysdate from dual ;

SYSDATE

-------------------

2019-11-28 15:35:32

# tail -f  /var/log/oracleaudit.log

Nov 28 15:34:23 xxxxxxxx Oracle Audit[28777]: LENGTH : '160' ACTION :[7] 'CONNECT' DATABASE USER:[1] '/' PRIVILEGE :[6] 'SYSDBA' CLIENT USER:[6] 'oracle' CLIENT TERMINAL:[6] 'pts/11' STATUS:[1] '0' DBID:[10] '1337401710'

Nov 28 15:34:25 xxxxxxxx Oracle Audit[28777]: LENGTH : '173' ACTION :[19] 'ALTER DATABASE OPEN' DATABASE USER:[1] '/' PRIVILEGE :[6] 'SYSDBA' CLIENT USER:[6] 'oracle' CLIENT TERMINAL:[6] 'pts/11' STATUS:[1] '0' DBID:[10] '1337401710'

Nov 28 15:35:32 xxxxxxxx Oracle Audit[28777]: LENGTH : '179' ACTION :[25] 'select sysdate from dual ' DATABASE USER:[1] '/' PRIVILEGE :[6] 'SYSDBA' CLIENT USER:[6] 'oracle' CLIENT TERMINAL:[6] 'pts/11' STATUS:[1] '0' DBID:[10] '1337401710'

--//最后1条记录记录执行select sysdate from dual命令.

5.测试4:

--//注解如下,也就是exadate遇到的情况:

# grep "local0" /etc/syslog.conf

#local0.info                     /var/log/oracleaudit.log

--//重启syslog服务.

# service syslog restart

Shutting down kernel logger:  [  OK  ]

Shutting down system logger:  [  OK  ]

Starting system logger:       [  OK  ]

Starting kernel logger:       [  OK  ]

SYS@book> select sysdate from dual ;

SYSDATE

-------------------

2019-11-28 15:39:48

# tail -f  /var/log/oracleaudit.log

--//没有输出.这种情况仅仅记录登录的审计.

--//以sys用户登录后检查:

$ ls -ltr | grep 2019-11-28

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 770 2019-11-28 15:22:15 book_ora_28379_20191128152215303883143795.aud

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 770 2019-11-28 15:28:26 book_ora_28615_20191128152826802446143795.aud

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 770 2019-11-28 15:34:17 book_ora_28726_20191128153417006021143795.aud

--//在/u01/app/oracle/admin/book/adump目录下不产生审计文件.

--//也就是这样的情况会出现丢失审计的情况!!!

6.测试5:

--//测试audit_syslog_level参数大小写混合输入会是什么情况?

SYS@book> alter system set audit_syslog_level='Local0.info' scope=spfile ;

System altered.

SYS@book> show spparameter audit

SID      NAME                 TYPE    VALUE

-------- -------------------- ------- --------------------------------

*        audit_file_dest      string  /u01/app/oracle/admin/book/adump

*        audit_sys_operations boolean TRUE

*        audit_syslog_level   string  Local0.info

*        audit_trail          string  DB

*        audit_trail          string  EXTENDED

--//取消注解,注意后面的O我输入的大写.

# grep "local0" /etc/syslog.conf

local0.infO                     /var/log/oracleaudit.log

--//重启syslog服务.

# service syslog restart

Shutting down kernel logger:  [  OK  ]

Shutting down system logger:  [  OK  ]

Starting system logger:       [  OK  ]

Starting kernel logger:       [  OK  ]

--//重启数据库:

SYS@book> show spparameter audit

SID      NAME                 TYPE     VALUE

-------- -------------------- -------- --------------------------------

*        audit_file_dest      string   /u01/app/oracle/admin/book/adump

*        audit_sys_operations boolean  TRUE

*        audit_syslog_level   string   Local0.info

*        audit_trail          string   DB

*        audit_trail          string   EXTENDED

SYS@book> show parameter audit

NAME                 TYPE    VALUE

-------------------- ------- --------------------------------

audit_file_dest      string  /u01/app/oracle/admin/book/adump

audit_sys_operations boolean TRUE

audit_syslog_level   string  LOCAL0.INFO

audit_trail          string  DB, EXTENDED

--//实际上启动后audit_syslog_level定义是大写.

SYS@book> show sga

Total System Global Area  643084288 bytes

Fixed Size                  2255872 bytes

Variable Size             205521920 bytes

Database Buffers          427819008 bytes

Redo Buffers                7487488 bytes

SYS@book> select Sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE

-------------------

2019-11-28 15:54:19

# tail -f  /var/log/oracleaudit.log

Nov 28 15:54:19 gxqyydg4 Oracle Audit[29236]: LENGTH : '178' ACTION :[24] 'select Sysdate from dual' DATABASE USER:[1]

'/' PRIVILEGE :[6] 'SYSDBA' CLIENT USER:[6] 'oracle' CLIENT TERMINAL:[6] 'pts/11' STATUS:[1] '0' DBID:[10] '1337401710'

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