之前的文章中,我们讲解了如何使用Spring Boot JPA, 在Spring Boot JPA中我们可通过构建查询方法或者通过@Query注解来构建查询语句,本文我们将会更详细的讨论查询语句的构建。
准备工作
首先我们需要添加依赖,这里我们还是使用H2内存数据库:
org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-data-jpa com.h2database h2 runtime
我们创建一个Entity:
@Data@Entitypublic class Movie { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE) private Long id; private String title; private String director; private String rating; private int duration;}
构建初始化data.sql:
INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration) VALUES(1, 'Godzilla: King of the Monsters', ' Michael Dougherty', 'PG-13', 132);INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration) VALUES(2, 'Avengers: Endgame', 'Anthony Russo', 'PG-13', 181);INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration) VALUES(3, 'Captain Marvel', 'Anna Boden', 'PG-13', 123);INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration) VALUES(4, 'Dumbo', 'Tim Burton', 'PG', 112);INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration) VALUES(5, 'Booksmart', 'Olivia Wilde', 'R', 102);INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration) VALUES(6, 'Aladdin', 'Guy Ritchie', 'PG', 128);INSERT INTO movie(id, title, director, rating, duration) VALUES(7, 'The Sun Is Also a Star', 'Ry Russo-Young', 'PG-13', 100);
构建Repository:
public interface MovieRepository extends JpaRepository {}
Containing, Contains, IsContaining 和 Like
如果我们想要构建模下面的模糊查询语句:
SELECT * FROM movie WHERE title LIKE '%in%';
我们可以这样写:
List findByTitleContaining(String title);List findByTitleContains(String title);List findByTitleIsContaining(String title);
将上面的语句添加到Repository中就够了。
我们看下怎么测试:
@Slf4j@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)@SpringBootTest(classes = {QueryApp.class})public class MovieRepositoryTest { @Autowired private MovieRepository movieRepository; @Test public void TestMovieQuery(){ List results = movieRepository.findByTitleContaining("in"); assertEquals(3, results.size()); results = movieRepository.findByTitleIsContaining("in"); assertEquals(3, results.size()); results = movieRepository.findByTitleContains("in"); assertEquals(3, results.size()); }}
Spring 还提供了Like 关键词,我们可以这样用:
List findByTitleLike(String title);
测试代码:
results = movieRepository.findByTitleLike("%in%");assertEquals(3, results.size());
StartsWith
如果我们需要实现下面这条SQL:
SELECT * FROM Movie WHERE Rating LIKE 'PG%';
我们可以这样使用:
List findByRatingStartsWith(String rating);
测试代码如下:
List results = movieRepository.findByRatingStartsWith("PG");assertEquals(6, results.size());
EndsWith
如果我们要实现下面的SQL:
SELECT * FROM Movie WHERE director LIKE '%Burton';
可以这样构建:
List findByDirectorEndsWith(String director);
测试代码如下:
List results = movieRepository.findByDirectorEndsWith("Burton");assertEquals(1, results.size());
大小写不敏感
要是想实现大小不敏感的功能我们可以这样:
List findByTitleContainingIgnoreCase(String title);
测试代码如下:
List results = movieRepository.findByTitleContainingIgnoreCase("the");assertEquals(2, results.size());
Not
要想实现Not的功能,我们可以使用NotContains, NotContaining, 和 NotLike关键词:
List findByRatingNotContaining(String rating);
测试代码如下:
List results = movieRepository.findByRatingNotContaining("PG");assertEquals(1, results.size());
NotLike:
List findByDirectorNotLike(String director);
测试代码如下:
List results = movieRepository.findByDirectorNotLike("An%");assertEquals(5, results.size());
@Query
如果我们要实现比较复杂的查询功能,我们可以使用@Query,下面是一个命名参数的使用:
@Query("SELECT m FROM Movie m WHERE m.title LIKE %:title%")List searchByTitleLike(@Param("title") String title);
如果有多个参数,我们可以这样指定参数的顺序:
@Query("SELECT m FROM Movie m WHERE m.rating LIKE ?1%")List searchByRatingStartsWith(String rating);
下面是测试代码:
List results = movieRepository.searchByRatingStartsWith("PG");assertEquals(6, results.size());
在Spring Boot2.4之后,我们可以使用SpEL表达式:
@Query("SELECT m FROM Movie m WHERE m.director LIKE %?#{escape([0])} escape ?#{escapeCharacter()}")List searchByDirectorEndsWith(String director);
看下怎么使用:
List results = movieRepository.searchByDirectorEndsWith("Burton");assertEquals(1, results.size());
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