python圆柱体积代码_如何使用matplotlib沿指定半径的点（x1，y1）和（x2，y2）的长度绘制圆柱体？...

为了好玩，我将把它推广到任何轴（x0，y0，z0）到（x1，y1，z1）。如果需要xy平面中的轴，请将z0和z1设置为0。在

你可以很容易地找到一个轴的向量方程，找到与轴同一方向的单位向量，然后把它加到p0上，然后沿着轴的长度缩放。通常，你可以找到一个x=x0+cos（theta）*R和y=y0+sin（theta）*R的圆的坐标，但是这些圆不在xy平面上，所以我们需要用单位向量使自己的轴垂直于圆柱的轴，然后从中得到xyz坐标。我用这个网站来帮助我解决这个问题：http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/51734.html。代码如下：import numpy as np

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

from scipy.linalg import norm

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

origin = np.array([0, 0, 0])

#axis and radius

p0 = np.array([1, 3, 2])

p1 = np.array([8, 5, 9])

R = 5

#vector in direction of axis

v = p1 - p0

#find magnitude of vector

mag = norm(v)

#unit vector in direction of axis

v = v / mag

#make some vector not in the same direction as v

not_v = np.array([1, 0, 0])

if (v == not_v).all():

not_v = np.array([0, 1, 0])

#make vector perpendicular to v

n1 = np.cross(v, not_v)

#normalize n1

n1 /= norm(n1)

#make unit vector perpendicular to v and n1

n2 = np.cross(v, n1)

#surface ranges over t from 0 to length of axis and 0 to 2*pi

t = np.linspace(0, mag, 100)

theta = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100)

#use meshgrid to make 2d arrays

t, theta = np.meshgrid(t, theta)

#generate coordinates for surface

X, Y, Z = [p0[i] + v[i] * t + R * np.sin(theta) * n1[i] + R * np.cos(theta) * n2[i] for i in [0, 1, 2]]

ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z)

#plot axis

ax.plot(*zip(p0, p1), color = 'red')

ax.set_xlim(0, 10)

ax.set_ylim(0, 10)

ax.set_zlim(0, 10)

plt.show()