python绘制饼状图 标题_如何在python中制作华夫饼图？ （方形饼图）

Something like this:

There is a very good package to do it in R. In python, the best that I could figure out is this, using the squarify package (inspired by a post on how to do treemaps):

import numpy as np

import pandas as pd

import matplotlib as mpl

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import seaborn as sns # just to have better line color and width

import squarify

# for those using jupyter notebooks

%matplotlib inline

df = pd.DataFrame({

'v1': np.ones(100),

'v2': np.random.randint(1, 4, 100)})

df.sort_values(by='v2', inplace=True)

# color scale

cmap = mpl.cm.Accent

mini, maxi = df['v2'].min(), df['v2'].max()

norm = mpl.colors.Normalize(vmin=mini, vmax=maxi)

colors = [cmap(norm(value)) for value in df['v2']]

# figure

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.add_subplot(111, aspect="equal")

ax = squarify.plot(df['v1'], color=colors, ax=ax)

ax.set_xticks([])

ax.set_yticks([]);

But when I create not 100 but 200 elements (or other non-square numbers), the squares become misaligned.

Another problem is that if I change v2 to some categorical variable (e.g., a hundred As, Bs, Cs and Ds), I get this error:

could not convert string to float: 'a'

So, could anyone help me with these two questions:

how can I solve the alignment problem with non-square numbers of observations?

how can use categorical variables in v2?

Beyond this, I am really open if there are any other python packages that can create waffle plots more efficiently.

解决方案

I spent a few days to build a more general solution, PyWaffle.

You can install it through

pip install pywaffle

PyWaffle does not use matshow() method, but builds those squares one by one. That makes it easier for customization. Besides, what it provides is a custom Figure class, which returns a figure object. By updating attributes of the figure, you can basically control everything in the chart.

Some examples:

Colored or transparent background:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from pywaffle import Waffle

data = {'Democratic': 48, 'Republican': 46, 'Libertarian': 3}

fig = plt.figure(

FigureClass=Waffle,

rows=5,

values=data,

colors=("#983D3D", "#232066", "#DCB732"),

title={'label': 'Vote Percentage in 2016 US Presidential Election', 'loc': 'left'},

labels=["{0} ({1}%)".format(k, v) for k, v in data.items()],

legend={'loc': 'lower left', 'bbox_to_anchor': (0, -0.4), 'ncol': len(data), 'framealpha': 0}

)

fig.gca().set_facecolor('#EEEEEE')

fig.set_facecolor('#EEEEEE')

plt.show()

Use icons replacing squares:

data = {'Democratic': 48, 'Republican': 46, 'Libertarian': 3}

fig = plt.figure(

FigureClass=Waffle,

rows=5,

values=data,

colors=("#232066", "#983D3D", "#DCB732"),

legend={'loc': 'upper left', 'bbox_to_anchor': (1, 1)},

icons='child', icon_size=18,

icon_legend=True

)

Multiple subplots in one chart:

import pandas as pd

data = pd.DataFrame(

{

'labels': ['Hillary Clinton', 'Donald Trump', 'Others'],

'Virginia': [1981473, 1769443, 233715],

'Maryland': [1677928, 943169, 160349],

'West Virginia': [188794, 489371, 36258],

},

).set_index('labels')

fig = plt.figure(

FigureClass=Waffle,

plots={

'311': {

'values': data['Virginia'] / 30000,

'labels': ["{0} ({1})".format(n, v) for n, v in data['Virginia'].items()],

'legend': {'loc': 'upper left', 'bbox_to_anchor': (1.05, 1), 'fontsize': 8},

'title': {'label': '2016 Virginia Presidential Election Results', 'loc': 'left'}

},

'312': {

'values': data['Maryland'] / 30000,

'labels': ["{0} ({1})".format(n, v) for n, v in data['Maryland'].items()],

'legend': {'loc': 'upper left', 'bbox_to_anchor': (1.2, 1), 'fontsize': 8},

'title': {'label': '2016 Maryland Presidential Election Results', 'loc': 'left'}

},

'313': {

'values': data['West Virginia'] / 30000,

'labels': ["{0} ({1})".format(n, v) for n, v in data['West Virginia'].items()],

'legend': {'loc': 'upper left', 'bbox_to_anchor': (1.3, 1), 'fontsize': 8},

'title': {'label': '2016 West Virginia Presidential Election Results', 'loc': 'left'}

},

},

rows=5,

colors=("#2196f3", "#ff5252", "#999999"), # Default argument values for subplots

figsize=(9, 5) # figsize is a parameter of plt.figure

)