本文详细解析了比特币的创世区块代码，包括如何创建创世区块、其时间戳、难度目标、非ces交易等内容。代码展示了比特币网络的核心参数设置，如工作量证明限制、目标时间跨度和区块间隔等。同时，提到了多个种子节点和网络配置，用于初期网络连接和交易验证。
// Copyright (c) 2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
// Copyright (c) 2009-2016 The Bitcoin Core developers
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
#include "chainparams.h"
#include "consensus/merkle.h"
#include "tinyformat.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "utilstrencodings.h"
#include
#include
#include "chainparamsseeds.h"
static CBlock CreateGenesisBlock(const char* pszTimestamp, const CScript& genesisOutputScript, uint32_t nTime, uint32_t nNonce, uint32_t nBits, int32_t nVersion, const CAmount& genesisReward)
{
CMutableTransaction txNew;
txNew.nVersion = 1;
txNew.vin.resize(1);
txNew.vout.resize(1);
txNew.vin[0].scriptSig = CScript() << 486604799 << CScriptNum(4) << std::vector((const unsigned char*)pszTimestamp, (const unsigned char*)pszTimestamp + strlen(pszTimestamp));
txNew.vout[0].nValue = genesisReward;
txNew.vout[0].scriptPubKey = genesisOutputScript;
CBlock genesis;
genesis.nTime = nTime;
genesis.nBits = nBits;
genesis.nNonce = nNonce;
genesis.nVersion = nVersion;
genesis.vtx.push_back(MakeTransactionRef(std::move(txNew)));
genesis.hashPrevBlock.SetNull();
genesis.hashMerkleRoot = BlockMerkleRoot(genesis);
return genesis;
}
/**
* Build the genesis block. Note that the output of its generation
* transaction cannot be spent since it did not originally exist in the
* database.
*
* CBlock(hash=000000000019d6, ver=1, hashPrevBlock=00000000000000, hashMerkleRoot=4a5e1e, nTime=1231006505, nBits=1d00ffff, nNonce=2083236893, vtx=1)
* CTransaction(hash=4a5e1e, ver=1, vin.size=1, vout.size=1, nLockTime=0)
* CTxIn(COutPoint(000000, -1), coinbase 04ffff001d0104455468652054696d65732030332f4a616e2f32303039204368616e63656c6c6f72206f6e206272696e6b206f66207365636f6e64206261696c6f757420666f722062616e6b73)
* CTxOut(nValue=50.00000000, scriptPubKey=0x5F1DF16B2B704C8A578D0B)
* vMerkleTree: 4a5e1e
*/
static CBlock CreateGenesisBlock(uint32_t nTime, uint32_t nNonce, uint32_t nBits, int32_t nVersion, const CAmount& genesisReward)
{
const char* pszTimestamp = "The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks";
const CScript genesisOutputScript = CScript() << ParseHex("04678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5f") << OP_CHECKSIG;
return CreateGenesisBlock(pszTimestamp, genesisOutputScript, nTime, nNonce, nBits, nVersion, genesisReward);
}
/**
* Main network
*/
/**
* What makes a good checkpoint block?
* + Is surrounded by blocks with reasonable timestamps
* (no blocks before with a timestamp after, none after with
* timestamp before)
* + Contains no strange transactions
*/
class CMainParams : public CChainParams {
public:
CMainParams() {
strNetworkID = "main";
consensus.nSubsidyHalvingInterval = 210000;
consensus.BIP34Height = 227931;
consensus.BIP34Hash = uint256S("0x000000000000024b89b42a942fe0d9fea3bb44ab7bd1b19115dd6a759c0808b8");
consensus.BIP65Height = 388381; // 000000000000000004c2b624ed5d7756c508d90fd0da2c7c679febfa6c4735f0
consensus.BIP66Height = 363725; // 00000000000000000379eaa19dce8c9b722d46ae6a57c2f1a988119488b50931
consensus.powLimit = uint256S("00000000ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff");
consensus.nPowTargetTimespan = 14 * 24 * 60 * 60; // two weeks
consensus.nPowTargetSpacing = 10 * 60;
consensus.fPowAllowMinDifficultyBlocks = false;
consensus.fPowNoRetargeting = false;
consensus.nRuleChangeActivationThreshold = 1916; // 95% of 2016
consensus.nMinerConfirmationWindow = 2016; // nPowTargetTimespan / nPowTargetSpacing
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_TESTDUMMY].bit = 28;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_TESTDUMMY].nStartTime = 1199145601; // January 1, 2008
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_TESTDUMMY].nTimeout = 1230767999; // December 31, 2008
// Deployment of BIP68, BIP112, and BIP113.
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV].bit = 0;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV].nStartTime = 1462060800; // May 1st, 2016
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV].nTimeout = 1493596800; // May 1st, 2017
// Deployment of SegWit (BIP141, BIP143, and BIP147)
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT].bit = 1;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT].nStartTime = 1479168000; // November 15th, 2016.
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT].nTimeout = 1510704000; // November 15th, 2017.
// The best chain should have at least this much work.
consensus.nMinimumChainWork = uint256S("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000003f94d1ad391682fe038bf5");
// By default assume that the signatures in ancestors of this block are valid.
consensus.defaultAssumeValid = uint256S("0x00000000000000000013176bf8d7dfeab4e1db31dc93bc311b436e82ab226b90"); //453354
/**
* The message start string is designed to be unlikely to occur in normal data.
* The characters are rarely used upper ASCII, not valid as UTF-8, and produce
* a large 32-bit integer with any alignment.
*/
pchMessageStart[0] = 0xf9;
pchMessageStart[1] = 0xbe;
pchMessageStart[2] = 0xb4;
pchMessageStart[3] = 0xd9;
nDefaultPort = 8333;
nPruneAfterHeight = 100000;
genesis = CreateGenesisBlock(1231006505, 2083236893, 0x1d00ffff, 1, 50 * COIN);
consensus.hashGenesisBlock = genesis.GetHash();
assert(consensus.hashGenesisBlock == uint256S("0x000000000019d6689c085ae165831e934ff763ae46a2a6c172b3f1b60a8ce26f"));
assert(genesis.hashMerkleRoot == uint256S("0x4a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b"));
// Note that of those with the service bits flag, most only support a subset of possible options
vSeeds.push_back(CDNSSeedData("bitcoin.sipa.be", "seed.bitcoin.sipa.be", true)); // Pieter Wuille, only supports x1, x5, x9, and xd
vSeeds.push_back(CDNSSeedData("bluematt.me", "dnsseed.bluematt.me", true)); // Matt Corallo, only supports x9
vSeeds.push_back(CDNSSeedData("dashjr.org", "dnsseed.bitcoin.dashjr.org")); // Luke Dashjr
vSeeds.push_back(CDNSSeedData("bitcoinstats.com", "seed.bitcoinstats.com", true)); // Christian Decker, supports x1 - xf
vSeeds.push_back(CDNSSeedData("bitcoin.jonasschnelli.ch", "seed.bitcoin.jonasschnelli.ch", true)); // Jonas Schnelli, only supports x1, x5, x9, and xd
vSeeds.push_back(CDNSSeedData("petertodd.org", "seed.btc.petertodd.org", true)); // Peter Todd, only supports x1, x5, x9, and xd
base58Prefixes[PUBKEY_ADDRESS] = std::vector(1,0);
base58Prefixes[SCRIPT_ADDRESS] = std::vector(1,5);
base58Prefixes[SECRET_KEY] = std::vector(1,128);
base58Prefixes[EXT_PUBLIC_KEY] = boost::assign::list_of(0x04)(0x88)(0xB2)(0x1E).convert_to_container<:vector char> >();
base58Prefixes[EXT_SECRET_KEY] = boost::assign::list_of(0x04)(0x88)(0xAD)(0xE4).convert_to_container<:vector char> >();
vFixedSeeds = std::vector(pnSeed6_main, pnSeed6_main + ARRAYLEN(pnSeed6_main));
fDefaultConsistencyChecks = false;
fRequireStandard = true;
fMineBlocksOnDemand = false;
checkpointData = (CCheckpointData) {
boost::assign::map_list_of
( 11111, uint256S("0x0000000069e244f73d78e8fd29ba2fd2ed618bd6fa2ee92559f542fdb26e7c1d"))
( 33333, uint256S("0x000000002dd5588a74784eaa7ab0507a18ad16a236e7b1ce69f00d7ddfb5d0a6"))
( 74000, uint256S("0x0000000000573993a3c9e41ce34471c079dcf5f52a0e824a81e7f953b8661a20"))
(105000, uint256S("0x00000000000291ce28027faea320c8d2b054b2e0fe44a773f3eefb151d6bdc97"))
(134444, uint256S("0x00000000000005b12ffd4cd315cd34ffd4a594f430ac814c91184a0d42d2b0fe"))
(168000, uint256S("0x000000000000099e61ea72015e79632f216fe6cb33d7899acb35b75c8303b763"))
(193000, uint256S("0x000000000000059f452a5f7340de6682a977387c17010ff6e6c3bd83ca8b1317"))
(210000, uint256S("0x000000000000048b95347e83192f69cf0366076336c639f9b7228e9ba171342e"))
(216116, uint256S("0x00000000000001b4f4b433e81ee46494af945cf96014816a4e2370f11b23df4e"))
(225430, uint256S("0x00000000000001c108384350f74090433e7fcf79a606b8e797f065b130575932"))
(250000, uint256S("0x000000000000003887df1f29024b06fc2200b55f8af8f35453d7be294df2d214"))
(279000, uint256S("0x0000000000000001ae8c72a0b0c301f67e3afca10e819efa9041e458e9bd7e40"))
(295000, uint256S("0x00000000000000004d9b4ef50f0f9d686fd69db2e03af35a100370c64632a983"))
};
chainTxData = ChainTxData{
// Data as of block 00000000000000000166d612d5595e2b1cd88d71d695fc580af64d8da8658c23 (height 446482).
1483472411, // * UNIX timestamp of last known number of transactions
184495391, // * total number of transactions between genesis and that timestamp
// (the tx=... number in the SetBestChain debug.log lines)
3.2 // * estimated number of transactions per second after that timestamp
};
}
};
static CMainParams mainParams;
/**
* Testnet (v3)
*/
class CTestNetParams : public CChainParams {
public:
CTestNetParams() {
strNetworkID = "test";
consensus.nSubsidyHalvingInterval = 210000;
consensus.BIP34Height = 21111;
consensus.BIP34Hash = uint256S("0x0000000023b3a96d3484e5abb3755c413e7d41500f8e2a5c3f0dd01299cd8ef8");
consensus.BIP65Height = 581885; // 00000000007f6655f22f98e72ed80d8b06dc761d5da09df0fa1dc4be4f861eb6
consensus.BIP66Height = 330776; // 000000002104c8c45e99a8853285a3b592602a3ccde2b832481da85e9e4ba182
consensus.powLimit = uint256S("00000000ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff");
consensus.nPowTargetTimespan = 14 * 24 * 60 * 60; // two weeks
consensus.nPowTargetSpacing = 10 * 60;
consensus.fPowAllowMinDifficultyBlocks = true;
consensus.fPowNoRetargeting = false;
consensus.nRuleChangeActivationThreshold = 1512; // 75% for testchains
consensus.nMinerConfirmationWindow = 2016; // nPowTargetTimespan / nPowTargetSpacing
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_TESTDUMMY].bit = 28;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_TESTDUMMY].nStartTime = 1199145601; // January 1, 2008
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_TESTDUMMY].nTimeout = 1230767999; // December 31, 2008
// Deployment of BIP68, BIP112, and BIP113.
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV].bit = 0;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV].nStartTime = 1456790400; // March 1st, 2016
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV].nTimeout = 1493596800; // May 1st, 2017
// Deployment of SegWit (BIP141, BIP143, and BIP147)
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT].bit = 1;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT].nStartTime = 1462060800; // May 1st 2016
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT].nTimeout = 1493596800; // May 1st 2017
// The best chain should have at least this much work.
consensus.nMinimumChainWork = uint256S("0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001f057509eba81aed91");
// By default assume that the signatures in ancestors of this block are valid.
consensus.defaultAssumeValid = uint256S("0x00000000000128796ee387cf110ccb9d2f36cffaf7f73079c995377c65ac0dcc"); //1079274
pchMessageStart[0] = 0x0b;
pchMessageStart[1] = 0x11;
pchMessageStart[2] = 0x09;
pchMessageStart[3] = 0x07;
nDefaultPort = 18333;
nPruneAfterHeight = 1000;
genesis = CreateGenesisBlock(1296688602, 414098458, 0x1d00ffff, 1, 50 * COIN);
consensus.hashGenesisBlock = genesis.GetHash();
assert(consensus.hashGenesisBlock == uint256S("0x000000000933ea01ad0ee984209779baaec3ced90fa3f408719526f8d77f4943"));
assert(genesis.hashMerkleRoot == uint256S("0x4a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b"));
vFixedSeeds.clear();
vSeeds.clear();
// nodes with support for servicebits filtering should be at the top
vSeeds.push_back(CDNSSeedData("testnetbitcoin.jonasschnelli.ch", "testnet-seed.bitcoin.jonasschnelli.ch", true));
vSeeds.push_back(CDNSSeedData("petertodd.org", "seed.tbtc.petertodd.org", true));
vSeeds.push_back(CDNSSeedData("bluematt.me", "testnet-seed.bluematt.me"));
vSeeds.push_back(CDNSSeedData("bitcoin.schildbach.de", "testnet-seed.bitcoin.schildbach.de"));
base58Prefixes[PUBKEY_ADDRESS] = std::vector(1,111);
base58Prefixes[SCRIPT_ADDRESS] = std::vector(1,196);
base58Prefixes[SECRET_KEY] = std::vector(1,239);
base58Prefixes[EXT_PUBLIC_KEY] = boost::assign::list_of(0x04)(0x35)(0x87)(0xCF).convert_to_container<:vector char> >();
base58Prefixes[EXT_SECRET_KEY] = boost::assign::list_of(0x04)(0x35)(0x83)(0x94).convert_to_container<:vector char> >();
vFixedSeeds = std::vector(pnSeed6_test, pnSeed6_test + ARRAYLEN(pnSeed6_test));
fDefaultConsistencyChecks = false;
fRequireStandard = false;
fMineBlocksOnDemand = false;
checkpointData = (CCheckpointData) {
boost::assign::map_list_of
( 546, uint256S("000000002a936ca763904c3c35fce2f3556c559c0214345d31b1bcebf76acb70")),
};
chainTxData = ChainTxData{
// Data as of block 00000000c2872f8f8a8935c8e3c5862be9038c97d4de2cf37ed496991166928a (height 1063660)
1483546230,
12834668,
0.15
};
}
};
static CTestNetParams testNetParams;
/**
* Regression test
*/
class CRegTestParams : public CChainParams {
public:
CRegTestParams() {
strNetworkID = "regtest";
consensus.nSubsidyHalvingInterval = 150;
consensus.BIP34Height = 100000000; // BIP34 has not activated on regtest (far in the future so block v1 are not rejected in tests)
consensus.BIP34Hash = uint256();
consensus.BIP65Height = 1351; // BIP65 activated on regtest (Used in rpc activation tests)
consensus.BIP66Height = 1251; // BIP66 activated on regtest (Used in rpc activation tests)
consensus.powLimit = uint256S("7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff");
consensus.nPowTargetTimespan = 14 * 24 * 60 * 60; // two weeks
consensus.nPowTargetSpacing = 10 * 60;
consensus.fPowAllowMinDifficultyBlocks = true;
consensus.fPowNoRetargeting = true;
consensus.nRuleChangeActivationThreshold = 108; // 75% for testchains
consensus.nMinerConfirmationWindow = 144; // Faster than normal for regtest (144 instead of 2016)
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_TESTDUMMY].bit = 28;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_TESTDUMMY].nStartTime = 0;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_TESTDUMMY].nTimeout = 999999999999ULL;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV].bit = 0;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV].nStartTime = 0;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV].nTimeout = 999999999999ULL;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT].bit = 1;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT].nStartTime = 0;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT].nTimeout = 999999999999ULL;
// The best chain should have at least this much work.
consensus.nMinimumChainWork = uint256S("0x00");
// By default assume that the signatures in ancestors of this block are valid.
consensus.defaultAssumeValid = uint256S("0x00");
pchMessageStart[0] = 0xfa;
pchMessageStart[1] = 0xbf;
pchMessageStart[2] = 0xb5;
pchMessageStart[3] = 0xda;
nDefaultPort = 18444;
nPruneAfterHeight = 1000;
genesis = CreateGenesisBlock(1296688602, 2, 0x207fffff, 1, 50 * COIN);
consensus.hashGenesisBlock = genesis.GetHash();
assert(consensus.hashGenesisBlock == uint256S("0x0f9188f13cb7b2c71f2a335e3a4fc328bf5beb436012afca590b1a11466e2206"));
assert(genesis.hashMerkleRoot == uint256S("0x4a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b"));
vFixedSeeds.clear(); //!< Regtest mode doesn't have any fixed seeds.
vSeeds.clear(); //!< Regtest mode doesn't have any DNS seeds.
fDefaultConsistencyChecks = true;
fRequireStandard = false;
fMineBlocksOnDemand = true;
checkpointData = (CCheckpointData){
boost::assign::map_list_of
( 0, uint256S("0f9188f13cb7b2c71f2a335e3a4fc328bf5beb436012afca590b1a11466e2206"))
};
chainTxData = ChainTxData{
0,
0,
0
};
base58Prefixes[PUBKEY_ADDRESS] = std::vector(1,111);
base58Prefixes[SCRIPT_ADDRESS] = std::vector(1,196);
base58Prefixes[SECRET_KEY] = std::vector(1,239);
base58Prefixes[EXT_PUBLIC_KEY] = boost::assign::list_of(0x04)(0x35)(0x87)(0xCF).convert_to_container<:vector char> >();
base58Prefixes[EXT_SECRET_KEY] = boost::assign::list_of(0x04)(0x35)(0x83)(0x94).convert_to_container<:vector char> >();
}
void UpdateBIP9Parameters(Consensus::DeploymentPos d, int64_t nStartTime, int64_t nTimeout)
{
consensus.vDeployments[d].nStartTime = nStartTime;
consensus.vDeployments[d].nTimeout = nTimeout;
}
};
static CRegTestParams regTestParams;
static CChainParams *pCurrentParams = 0;
const CChainParams &Params() {
assert(pCurrentParams);
return *pCurrentParams;
}
CChainParams& Params(const std::string& chain)
{
if (chain == CBaseChainParams::MAIN)
return mainParams;
else if (chain == CBaseChainParams::TESTNET)
return testNetParams;
else if (chain == CBaseChainParams::REGTEST)
return regTestParams;
else
throw std::runtime_error(strprintf("%s: Unknown chain %s.", __func__, chain));
}
void SelectParams(const std::string& network)
{
SelectBaseParams(network);
pCurrentParams = &Params(network);
}
void UpdateRegtestBIP9Parameters(Consensus::DeploymentPos d, int64_t nStartTime, int64_t nTimeout)
{
regTestParams.UpdateBIP9Parameters(d, nStartTime, nTimeout);
}
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