python 例题_python 例题

元组 将字符串转化成元组

# s = "car"

# s1 = tuple(s)

# print(type(s1))

#result :

#tuple

人不变心变 就是元组里的列表ID不变 元组大框里面的ID变

# l1 = [1, 2, 3, ['a', 'v']]

# l2 = tuple(l1)

# l2[3][1] = 'o'

# print (l2)

# print(id(l2[3]))

# print(id(l1[3]))

#

# print(id(l2))

# print(id(l1))

# result:

# 140104303701640

# 140104303701640

# 140104303350712

# 140104302816712

多变量一起赋值 并交换值 (注意赋值的时候看右边的)

a,b = 1,2

a,b = b,a

print(a)

print(b)

#result

2

1

# a = [('a','1'),('b','2')]

# b = ['a1','b2']

# a1 = dict(a)

# b2 = dict(b)

# print(a1)

# print(b2)

#

# print(a1 == b2)

# print(a1 is b2)

# result:

# {'a': '1', 'b': '2'}

# {'a': '1', 'b': '2'}

# True

# False

并行迭代 如果列表长度不一样选最短的

# for i,x in zip (['a','b'],[1,2]):

# print(i,'---',x)

# result:

# a --- 1

# b --- 2

for i,x in zip (['a','b','c'],[1,2]):

print(i,'---',x)

# result:

# a --- 1

# b --- 2

两个列表-》迭代-》列表-》字典

a = ['xingqiyi','xingqier']

b = ['1','2']

print (zip(a,b))

c = list(zip(a,b))

print(c)

d = dict(c)

print (d)

result:

[('xingqiyi', '1'), ('xingqier', '2')]

{'xingqiyi': '1', 'xingqier': '2'}

判断对象是否能hash 列表不能hash

# print(hash(1))

# print(hash('asdf'))

# print(hash((1,2)))

# print(hash([1,3]))

#

# result:

# 1

# -96696562774008768

# 3713081631934410656

# TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'

get方法

info_dict = {"name":"xiaoguo","age": "18"}

1.####na = info_dict["name"]

# print(na)

# result :

# xiaoguo

2.####age = info_dict.get('aaa','gg')

# print (age)

# age1 = info_dict.get('age')

# print (age1)

# result:

# gg

# 18

3.

info_dict = {"name":"xiaoguo","age": "18"}

keys = info_dict.keys() 或 values= info_dict.values()

print (keys) print(list(values))

print (list(keys))

result:

dict_keys(['name', 'age'])

['name', 'age']

4.

info_dict = {"name":"xiaoguo","age": "18"}

items = info_dict.items()

print(list(items))

result:

[('name', 'xiaoguo'), ('age', '18')]

5.

info_dict = {"name":"xiaoguo","age": "18"}

for key in info_dict.keys():

print(key)

for value in info_dict.values():

print(value)

# result:

# name

# age

#

# xiaoguo

# 18

for key,value in info_dict.items():

print(key,'---',value)

# result:

# name --- xiaoguo

# age --- 18

定义一个字典 并将info_dict的字典加入到新的字典里 ( 定义新字典的方式：d = {} 往字典里添加元素d['a'] =1 d[''b]=2)

info_dict = {"name":"xiaoguo","age": "18"}

info_new_dict = {}

for key,val in info_dict.items():

print (key,'--',val)

info_new_dict[key]=val

print(info_new_dict)

result:

name -- xiaoguo

{'name': 'xiaoguo'}

age -- 18

{'name': 'xiaoguo', 'age': '18'}

setdefault的应用 列表有append的方法

data=[('animal','xiaoguo'),('zhiwu','hua')]

dice={}

for (key,val) in data:

dice.setdefault(key,[]).append(val)

print(dice)

{'animal': ['xiaoguo']}

{'animal': ['xiaoguo'], 'zhiwu': ['hua']}

from collections import defaultdict

data=[('animal','xiaoguo'),('zhiwu','hua')]

dd=defaultdict(list)

print(dd)

for (key, value) in data:

print(dd[key])

dd[key].append(value)

print(dd)

result:

defaultdict(, {})

[]

defaultdict(, {'animal': ['xiaoguo']})

[]

defaultdict(, {'animal': ['xiaoguo'], 'zhiwu': ['hua']})

高效设置set集合和转换

s1 = set()

print(s1)

result：

set()

添加元素

In [11]: s2 = {12,3,4,5,6,}

In [12]: s2.add('n')

In [13]: s2

Out[13]: {12, 3, 4, 5, 6, 'n'}

删除元素In

[15]: s2.remove('n')

In [16]: s2

Out[16]: {4, 5, 6, 12}

随机删一个In

[14]: s2.pop()

Out[14]: 3

多级菜单 enumerate

data=[['zhujiinfo','func','aaa'],['mem','func','bbb']]

dic={}

for (i,items) in enumerate(data,1):

print(i,items)

dic.update({i:{'title':items[0],'func':items[1],'next_menu':items[2]}})

print(dic)

print(dic.get(1).get('func'))

result:

1 ['zhujiinfo', 'func', 'aaa']

2 ['mem', 'func', 'bbb']

{1: {'title': 'zhujiinfo', 'func': 'func', 'next_menu': 'aaa'}, 2: {'title': 'mem', 'func': 'func', 'next_menu': 'bbb'}}

func

动态参数 *args

#position args

# def xiaoguo(*a):

#

# print(a)

#

# li = [1,2,3,4]

# xiaoguo(li)

# xiaoguo(*li)

result:

([1, 2, 3, 4],)

(1, 2, 3, 4)

#关键字弄成字典

# def print_keyargs(**kwargs):

# print(kwargs)

# print_keyargs(ip=22,host_name='dbserver2')

result :

{'ip': 22, 'host_name': 'dbserver2'}

注释 x=a 上方'''回车

# def foo(a,b):

# '''

# :param a:

# :param b:

# :return:

# '''

# x=a

# for i in range(10):

# if i < 3:

# inp = int(input("请输入数字>>:").strip())

# if inp == 18:

# print("你赢了")

# break

# elif inp > 18:

# print("高了")

# else:

# print("低了")

# else:

# # inp1 = int(input("是否继续(Y/N)").strip())

# inp1 = input("是否继续(Y/N)").strip()

# if inp1 == 'Y':

# for a in range(10):

# if a < 3:

# inp2 = int(input("请继续输入>>:").strip())

# if inp2 == 18:

# print("你赢了")

# break

# elif inp2 > 18:

# print("高了")

# else:

# print("低了")

# if inp1 == 'N':

# print("Game over")

# break

sys模块：用于提供对python解释权的系统环境相关操作

import subprocess

# ret = subprocess.getoutput('ls /')

# print(ret.split('\n')[1:])

# result:['boot', 'dev', 'dirname', 'etc', 'home', 'lib', 'lib64', 'media', 'mnt', 'opt', 'proc', 'root', 'run', 'sbin', 'srv', 'sys', 'tmp', 'usr', 'var']

# print(subprocess.getstatusoutput('date'))

#======================================================

import subprocess

status,ret = subprocess.getstatusoutput('date')

print(type(status))

if not status:

print(ret)

#result:

#

# Mon Jun 11 17:42:45 CST 2018

匿名函数

print((lambda x,y: x if x> y else y)(101,102))