linux 回环ip地址 socket ,Linux下获取本机IP地址（不需要知道interface name的方式）...

之前有写过一篇文章，介绍如何在linux下编程实现获取本机的IP地址，详见下文地址

http://blog.csdn.net/timsley/article/details/51062342

但是这种方法有一种限制，就是需要知道你的interface name，在阅读libupnp代码时，发现如果不知道interface name，也是有方法可以拿到本机的IP地址。

实现思路

通过struct ifconf拿到interface的configure信息，然后遍历struct ifreq，拿到合法的IP地址

struct ifconf是用来保存所有接口信息的一个结构体，具体定义可以在/usr/include/net/if.h文件中找到

struct ifconf

{

int ifc_len; /* Size of buffer. */

union

{

__caddr_t ifcu_buf;

struct ifreq *ifcu_req;

} ifc_ifcu;

};

# define ifc_buf ifc_ifcu.ifcu_buf /* Buffer address. */

# define ifc_req ifc_ifcu.ifcu_req /* Array of structures. */

# define _IOT_ifconf _IOT(_IOTS(struct ifconf),1,0,0,0,0) /* not right */

struct ifreq是用来保存某个接口信息的，它的定义也是在/usr/include/net/if.h文件中找到，具体定义如下

struct ifreq

{

# define IFHWADDRLEN 6

# define IFNAMSIZ IF_NAMESIZE

union

{

char ifrn_name[IFNAMSIZ]; /* Interface name, e.g. "en0". */

} ifr_ifrn;

union

{

struct sockaddr ifru_addr;

struct sockaddr ifru_dstaddr;

struct sockaddr ifru_broadaddr;

struct sockaddr ifru_netmask;

struct sockaddr ifru_hwaddr;

short int ifru_flags;

int ifru_ivalue;

int ifru_mtu;

struct ifmap ifru_map;

char ifru_slave[IFNAMSIZ]; /* Just fits the size */

char ifru_newname[IFNAMSIZ];

__caddr_t ifru_data;

} ifr_ifru;

};

# define ifr_name ifr_ifrn.ifrn_name /* interface name */

# define ifr_hwaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_hwaddr /* MAC address */

# define ifr_addr ifr_ifru.ifru_addr /* address */

# define ifr_dstaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_dstaddr /* other end of p-p lnk */

# define ifr_broadaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_broadaddr /* broadcast address */

# define ifr_netmask ifr_ifru.ifru_netmask /* interface net mask */

# define ifr_flags ifr_ifru.ifru_flags /* flags */

# define ifr_metric ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* metric */

# define ifr_mtu ifr_ifru.ifru_mtu /* mtu */

# define ifr_map ifr_ifru.ifru_map /* device map */

# define ifr_slave ifr_ifru.ifru_slave /* slave device */

# define ifr_data ifr_ifru.ifru_data /* for use by interface */

# define ifr_ifindex ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* interface index */

# define ifr_bandwidth ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* link bandwidth */

# define ifr_qlen ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* queue length */

# define ifr_newname ifr_ifru.ifru_newname /* New name */

# define _IOT_ifreq _IOT(_IOTS(char),IFNAMSIZ,_IOTS(char),16,0,0)

# define _IOT_ifreq_short _IOT(_IOTS(char),IFNAMSIZ,_IOTS(short),1,0,0)

# define _IOT_ifreq_int _IOT(_IOTS(char),IFNAMSIZ,_IOTS(int),1,0,0)

你可以通过struct ifreq里的ifr_name去获取Interface的名字，也可以通过ifr_addr去拿到对应interface的IP地址，还可以拿到netmask、broadaddr等，通过ifr_flags可以判断当前interface是否up或者是否是回环等等

具体代码实现如下，详细可以参考libupnp里的getlocalhostname函数

int get_local_ip(char *out, size_t out_len)

{

const char *p = NULL;

char szBuffer[256 * sizeof (struct ifreq)];

struct ifconf ifConf;

struct ifreq ifReq;

int nResult;

long unsigned int i;

int LocalSock;

struct sockaddr_in LocalAddr;

int j = 0;

/* purify */

memset(&ifConf, 0, sizeof(ifConf));

memset(&ifReq, 0, sizeof(ifReq));

memset(szBuffer, 0, sizeof(szBuffer));

memset(&LocalAddr, 0, sizeof(LocalAddr));

/* Create an unbound datagram socket to do the SIOCGIFADDR ioctl on. */

LocalSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);

if (LocalSock == -1)

{

printf("Can't create addrlist socket\n");

return -1;

}

/* Get the interface configuration information... */

ifConf.ifc_len = (int)sizeof szBuffer;

ifConf.ifc_ifcu.ifcu_buf = (caddr_t) szBuffer;

nResult = ioctl(LocalSock, SIOCGIFCONF, &ifConf);

if (nResult < 0)

{

printf("DiscoverInterfaces: SIOCGIFCONF returned error\n");

close(LocalSock);

return -1;

}

/* Cycle through the list of interfaces looking for IP addresses. */

for (i = 0lu; i < (long unsigned int)ifConf.ifc_len && j < 1; )

{

struct ifreq *pifReq = (struct ifreq *)((caddr_t)ifConf.ifc_req + i);

i += sizeof *pifReq;

/* See if this is the sort of interface we want to deal with. */

memset(ifReq.ifr_name, 0, sizeof(ifReq.ifr_name));

strncpy(ifReq.ifr_name, pifReq->ifr_name, sizeof(ifReq.ifr_name) - 1);

if (ioctl(LocalSock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifReq) < 0)

{

printf("Can't get interface flags for %s:\n", ifReq.ifr_name);

}

/* Skip loopback, point-to-point and down interfaces, * except don't skip down interfaces * if we're trying to get a list of configurable interfaces. */

if ((ifReq.ifr_flags & IFF_LOOPBACK) || (!(ifReq.ifr_flags & IFF_UP)))

{

continue;

}

if (pifReq->ifr_addr.sa_family == AF_INET)

{

/* Get a pointer to the address...*/

memcpy(&LocalAddr, &pifReq->ifr_addr, sizeof pifReq->ifr_addr);

/* We don't want the loopback interface. */

if (LocalAddr.sin_addr.s_addr == htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK))

{

continue;

}

}

/* increment j if we found an address which is not loopback * and is up */

j++;

}

close(LocalSock);

p = inet_ntoa(LocalAddr.sin_addr);

if (p)

{

strncpy(out, p, out_len);

}

else

{

printf("getlocalhostname: inet_ntop returned error\n" );

return -1;

}

printf("Inside getlocalhostname: after strncpy %s\n", out);

return 0;

}

关于struct ifreq里的ifr_flags变量设定，可以参考以下链接

SIOCGIFFLAGS, SIOCSIFFLAGS