connectionstring属性尚未初始化怎么解决_万字长文带你手撕 Spring 源码，解决循环依赖

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何为循环依赖？

想要理解这个问题，那么首先呢，需要有基础的知识储备。那就是Spring的IOC。IOC，是控制反转，后来出现更容易的理解 DI，依赖注入。大致上就是，一个A对象内有一个B对象属性，无需A对象显式创建B对象，可以通过Spring容器进行注入B对象到A对象中。这便是依赖注入的含义。

循环依赖的出现，是因为A对象中依赖B对象作为其中属性，B对象中依赖A对象作为其中属性。如下图所示：

举个例子描述：

小明喜欢小红，小红喜欢小黑，小黑喜欢小丽，小丽喜欢小明，如果中间所有人都不放弃喜欢的人，那么每个人都将陷入爱情循环中，无法自拔。

类似于这种依赖关系，在自然界中屡见不鲜，因此，映射到我们java的对象世界中，就必然会存在。

那么，如何处理循环依赖，保证合理的程序运行，是我们需要思考的问题。Spring作为一个技术框架，必然考虑到了循环依赖的问题。

Spring管理Bean对象

理解Spring作为容器管理bean对象之前，我们可以尝试思考下，我们自主，如何实现对于依赖对象的注入

场景描述

现有一个场景，蜜蜂采蜜。蜜蜂是一个对象，蜜蜂采蜜，需要作用于花，因此依赖花的存在。

蜜蜂对象，代码如下：

public class Bee {    /**     * 性别     */    private String sex;    /**     * 年龄     */    private Integer age;    @Autowired    private Flower flower;    /**     * 采蜜     */    public void pickingHoney() {        // 花产蜜        flower.product();    }    public String getSex() {        return sex;    }    public void setSex(String sex) {        this.sex = sex;    }    public Integer getAge() {        return age;    }    public void setAge(Integer age) {        this.age = age;    }}

上述代码，是Spring采用注解注入的方式实现。

那么，试想，如果不使用Spring，我们如何实现呢？

一 直接简单粗暴地创建对象(可以实现，但是明显不符合自然界对象定义，因为蜜蜂不能创造出花这个对象)

public class Bee {    /**     * 性别     */    private String sex;    /**     * 年龄     */    private Integer age;    /**     * 采蜜     */    public void pickingHoney() {        // 花产蜜        Flower flower = new Flower();        flower.product();    }    public String getSex() {        return sex;    }    public void setSex(String sex) {        this.sex = sex;    }    public Integer getAge() {        return age;    }    public void setAge(Integer age) {        this.age = age;    }}

二 反射获取对象

 /**     * 采蜜     */    public void pickingHoney() {       Class clazz = Class.forName("com.example.demo.test.Flower");        Flower flower = (Flower)clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();        flower.product();    }

可见，相比第一种来说，第二种反射获取对象，很优雅的实现了对象的处理。

注：反射作为Java的一个典型技术，非常重要

上述示例代码，通过反射实现，获取类对象，然后创建类实例。且上述采用的类名形式，那么我们就可以通过配置文件读取、自定义注解等多种方式，来实现反射的实现。

有了上述的技术积累，我们可以很开心的完成第一步，反射获取对象，实现对象的注入。

再思考，在每个类对象中，处理反射逻辑，会造成代码的冗余，且会造成，对象的创建频繁，没法保证单一等问题。那么，通过学习设计模式中的单例模式、工厂模式，我们可以发现，如果应用上述设计模式，或许更优雅。就这样，我们慢慢贴近了Spring的实现。

Spring框架就是应用了各种设计模式，同时采用反射技术，来实现对象的创建、初始化等操作的。

Spring管理bean对象

• Bean对象定义方式

Bean对象的定义，正如我们掌握的，在Spring中，可以通过几种方式完成：

• XML文件定义

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

如代码展示，可以直接通过xml文件，管理bean对象，实现bean对象的定义，以及属性的注入

• 注解形式

可以通过各类注解，比如@Component @Controller @Service 等等

• Bean对象读取

在Spring管理下，对于Bean对象的读取，会形成一个抽象层，BeanDefinitionReader，然后形成BeanDefinition，完成对于Bean对象描述的定义

• BeanFactory

Bean对象的创建，由创建工程BeanFactory完成。BeanFactory会完成BeanDefinition的转换，然后构建bean对象，完成bean对象的实例化、初始化。

工厂，通过反射技术，根据BeanDefinition创建Bean对象。

• FactoryBean

FactoryBean是特殊的BeanFactory

• BeanFactoryPostPocessor

BeanFactory的后置处理器，完成BeanFactory创建后的一系列补充

• BeanPostPocessor

Bean对象初始化前后的处理

流程描述：

1. Spring读取XML文件等形式对于Bean对象的定义，构建BeanDefinition
2. Spring的BeanFactory，读取BeanDefinition，完成Bean对象的读取，通过反射技术进行实例化
3. BeanFactoryPostPocessor作为BeanFactory的后置处理器，完成补充处理
4. BeanPostPocessor - before 完成对于bean对象初始化前的对象处理
5. BeanPostPocessor - after完成对于bean对象初始化后的对象处理
6. context.getBean 进行bean对象的使用

通过以上的分析，我们掌握了，Spring对于bean对象的读取、创建实例化、初始化的过程。了解了这些，我们才能去看循环依赖的事情。如若不然，个人觉得理解循环依赖问题，就比较困难。



Spring如何解决循环依赖

当我们能够明确了上述学习之后，我想，我们可以进入到源码的世界中去分析了。

查看解决循环依赖，也就是了解Spring是如何对Bean对象进行实例化、初始化的。

知识点：

对象的创建分为两部分，一部分为实例化，此时，在堆内存中分配了内存空间，但是未对其属性进行赋值，另一部分为初始化，完成对于实例化后对象的属性的赋值操作。因此类对象在内存空间中，两种状态，实例化状态(实例化完成、未初始化)，完全状态(实例化完成、初始化完成)

一切的开始

以XML文件为例，代码如下，进入debug模式，走起，跟上队伍！

public class SpringTestApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        ApplicationContext public class SpringTestApplication {    public static void main(String[] args) {        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");    }}c = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");    }}

第一站

进入到，上下文的处理构造器中，看代码，找重点。

public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String[] configLocations, boolean refresh, @Nullable ApplicationContext parent)throws BeansException {super(parent);setConfigLocations(configLocations);if (refresh) {            // 此处是我们的第一站refresh();}}

refresh方法，在AbstractApplicationContext内。代码内部，做了点什么事情呢，可以详细的看看代码注释。

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {// 完成准备，设置时间啊等等，我们无需太关心prepareRefresh();// 无需多关心ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();// bean factory 创建前的准备阶段，对应我们上述图的流程prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);try {                //BeanFactory的处理过程，跟我们的对象创建关系不大 开始// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);// Initialize message source for this context.initMessageSource();// Initialize event multicaster for this context.initApplicationEventMulticaster();// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.onRefresh();// Check for listener beans and register them.registerListeners();                //BeanFactory的处理过程，跟我们的对象创建关系不大 完成// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.                //实例化，所有的非懒加载的单例bean对象，可见第二站入口来了，开启finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);// Last step: publish corresponding event.finishRefresh();}catch (BeansException ex) {if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);}// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.destroyBeans();// Reset 'active' flag.cancelRefresh(ex);// Propagate exception to caller.throw ex;}finally {// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...resetCommonCaches();}}}

第二站，真正的入口

看这个前，我们有必要了解一个类对象，其中提供了三个缓存对象

DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry

/** Cache of singleton objects: bean name to bean instance. */// 一级缓存private final Map singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);/** Cache of singleton factories: bean name to ObjectFactory. */// 三级缓存private final Map> singletonFactories = new HashMap<>(16);/** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name to bean instance. */// 二级缓存private final Map earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<>(16);

记住，对应的对象名，后续在源码中会依次出现。

回到第二站，查看相关源码，直接查看注释中中文标记点，继续追踪

protected void finishBeanFactoryInitialization(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {// Initialize conversion service for this context.if (beanFactory.containsBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME) &&beanFactory.isTypeMatch(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class)) {beanFactory.setConversionService(beanFactory.getBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class));}// Register a default embedded value resolver if no bean post-processor// (such as a PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer bean) registered any before:// at this point, primarily for resolution in annotation attribute values.if (!beanFactory.hasEmbeddedValueResolver()) {beanFactory.addEmbeddedValueResolver(strVal -> getEnvironment().resolvePlaceholders(strVal));}// Initialize LoadTimeWeaverAware beans early to allow for registering their transformers early.String[] weaverAwareNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(LoadTimeWeaverAware.class, false, false);for (String weaverAwareName : weaverAwareNames) {getBean(weaverAwareName);}// Stop using the temporary ClassLoader for type matching.beanFactory.setTempClassLoader(null);// Allow for caching all bean definition metadata, not expecting further changes.beanFactory.freezeConfiguration();// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.        // 实例化，所有的非懒加载的单例bean对象beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons();}

DefaultListableBeanFactory

@Overridepublic void preInstantiateSingletons() throws BeansException {if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {logger.trace("Pre-instantiating singletons in " + this);}// Iterate over a copy to allow for init methods which in turn register new bean definitions.// While this may not be part of the regular factory bootstrap, it does otherwise work fine.List beanNames = new ArrayList<>(this.beanDefinitionNames);// Trigger initialization of all non-lazy singleton beans...        // 根据BeanDefinition 获取bean定义信息for (String beanName : beanNames) {RootBeanDefinition bd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);            // 首先 A对象 此处非抽象类 单例 非懒加载才能进入，A对象符合条件，进入if (!bd.isAbstract() && bd.isSingleton() && !bd.isLazyInit()) {if (isFactoryBean(beanName)) {Object bean = getBean(FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName);if (bean instanceof FactoryBean) {final FactoryBean> factory = (FactoryBean>) bean;boolean isEagerInit;if (System.getSecurityManager() != null && factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean) {isEagerInit = AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction)((SmartFactoryBean>) factory)::isEagerInit,getAccessControlContext());}else {isEagerInit = (factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean &&((SmartFactoryBean>) factory).isEagerInit());}if (isEagerInit) {getBean(beanName);}}}else {                    //A对象 进入getBean(beanName);}}}// 省略}

AbstractBeanFactory

@Overridepublic Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException {        // Spring源码内do开头，都是真正做事情的方法return doGetBean(name, null, null, false);}

第三站 创建bean

AbstractBeanFactory

查看中文代码注释部分，快速定位。按照代码执行序号，查看逻辑。

protected  T doGetBean(final String name, @Nullable final Class requiredType,@Nullable final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly) throws BeansException {final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);Object bean;// Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons.    // 1. 获取单例bean对象 第四站入口Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);    // 根据第四站代码分析，此时A对象为空，返回空，将继续执行if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {logger.trace("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +"' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");}else {logger.trace("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");}}bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);}else {// Fail if we're already creating this bean instance:// We're assumably within a circular reference.if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);}// Check if bean definition exists in this factory.BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory();if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {// Not found -> check parent.String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);if (parentBeanFactory instanceof AbstractBeanFactory) {return ((AbstractBeanFactory) parentBeanFactory).doGetBean(nameToLookup, requiredType, args, typeCheckOnly);}else if (args != null) {// Delegation to parent with explicit args.return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);}else if (requiredType != null) {// No args -> delegate to standard getBean method.return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);}else {return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup);}}if (!typeCheckOnly) {markBeanAsCreated(beanName);}try {final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);// Guarantee initialization of beans that the current bean depends on.String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();if (dependsOn != null) {for (String dep : dependsOn) {if (isDependent(beanName, dep)) {throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,"Circular depends-on relationship between '" + beanName + "' and '" + dep + "'");}registerDependentBean(dep, beanName);try {getBean(dep);}catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,"'" + beanName + "' depends on missing bean '" + dep + "'", ex);}}}// Create bean instance.                // 3. 创建对象if (mbd.isSingleton()) {                    // 进入方法sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> {try {                            // 5. 创建对象 实现A 对象实例return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);}catch (BeansException ex) {// Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there// eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.// Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.destroySingleton(beanName);throw ex;}});bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);}else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {// It's a prototype -> create a new instance.Object prototypeInstance = null;try {beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);}finally {afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);}bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);}else {String scopeName = mbd.getScope();final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);if (scope == null) {throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'");}try {Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, () -> {beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);try {return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);}finally {afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);}});bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);}catch (IllegalStateException ex) {throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,"Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; consider " +"defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton",ex);}}}catch (BeansException ex) {cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);throw ex;}}// Check if required type matches the type of the actual bean instance.if (requiredType != null && !requiredType.isInstance(bean)) {try {T convertedBean = getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType);if (convertedBean == null) {throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());}return convertedBean;}catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {logger.trace("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type '" +ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "'", ex);}throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());}}    // 返回return (T) bean;}

第四站

DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry

@Nullableprotected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {        // 2.         // 一级缓存中查找，是否存在bean A对象，此时为空Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);        // 判断一级缓存为空并且是否在创建中，我们在知识点中提及，类对象两种状态，实例化、完全状态，此时均未发生，因此不会进入判断if (singletonObject == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {ObjectFactory> singletonFactory = this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);if (singletonFactory != null) {singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);}}}}        // 直接返回 空对象return singletonObject;}



public Object getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory> singletonFactory) {Assert.notNull(beanName, "Bean name must not be null");        // 4. 执行对象处理synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {            // 一级缓存中获取A 对象，无Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);if (singletonObject == null) {                //进入判断if (this.singletonsCurrentlyInDestruction) {throw new BeanCreationNotAllowedException(beanName,"Singleton bean creation not allowed while singletons of this factory are in destruction " +"(Do not request a bean from a BeanFactory in a destroy method implementation!)");}if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {logger.debug("Creating shared instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");}beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);boolean newSingleton = false;boolean recordSuppressedExceptions = (this.suppressedExceptions == null);if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {this.suppressedExceptions = new LinkedHashSet<>();}try {                    // 获取对象 ObjectFactory> 通过匿名内部类执行，匿名内部类 ，获取到A实例化对象，此时A 为实例化状态，创建中singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();newSingleton = true;}catch (IllegalStateException ex) {// Has the singleton object implicitly appeared in the meantime ->// if yes, proceed with it since the exception indicates that state.singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);if (singletonObject == null) {throw ex;}}catch (BeanCreationException ex) {if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {for (Exception suppressedException : this.suppressedExceptions) {ex.addRelatedCause(suppressedException);}}throw ex;}finally {if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {this.suppressedExceptions = null;}afterSingletonCreation(beanName);}if (newSingleton) {addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject);}}return singletonObject;}}

1. 执行匿名内部类 创建A 对象

AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory

protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final @Nullable Object[] args)throws BeanCreationException {// Instantiate the bean.BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;if (mbd.isSingleton()) {instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);}if (instanceWrapper == null) {            //实例A创建instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);}final Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();Class> beanType = instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass();if (beanType != NullBean.class) {mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType;}// Allow post-processors to modify the merged bean definition.synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {if (!mbd.postProcessed) {try {applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);}catch (Throwable ex) {throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,"Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", ex);}mbd.postProcessed = true;}}// Eagerly cache singletons to be able to resolve circular references// even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware.        // 此处 A对象已创建，会进入判断boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));if (earlySingletonExposure) {if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {logger.trace("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");}            //三级缓存，放入实例化对象A 此时A 未完全状态 缓存内状态，见代码下图示addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));}// Initialize the bean instance.Object exposedObject = bean;try {            // 6. 填充bean populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);}catch (Throwable ex) {if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {throw (BeanCreationException) ex;}else {throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);}}if (earlySingletonExposure) {Object earlySingletonReference = getSingleton(beanName, false);if (earlySingletonReference != null) {if (exposedObject == bean) {exposedObject = earlySingletonReference;}else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && hasDependentBean(beanName)) {String[] dependentBeans = getDependentBeans(beanName);Set actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>(dependentBeans.length);for (String dependentBean : dependentBeans) {if (!removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) {actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean);}}if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) {throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName,"Bean with name '" + beanName + "' has been injected into other beans [" +StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) +"] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been " +"wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the " +"bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using " +"'getBeanNamesForType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example.");}}}}// Register bean as disposable.try {registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd);}catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", ex);}return exposedObject;}

此时缓存内部状态：

1. 填充bean属性内容

protected void populateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable BeanWrapper bw) {// 省略if (pvs != null) {            //处理属性内容applyPropertyValues(beanName, mbd, bw, pvs);}}

protected void applyPropertyValues(String beanName, BeanDefinition mbd, BeanWrapper bw, PropertyValues pvs) {// 省略代码// Create a deep copy, resolving any references for values.List deepCopy = new ArrayList<>(original.size());boolean resolveNecessary = false;for (PropertyValue pv : original) {if (pv.isConverted()) {deepCopy.add(pv);}else {                // B对象String propertyName = pv.getName();                // 值为 nullObject originalValue = pv.getValue();if (originalValue == AutowiredPropertyMarker.INSTANCE) {Method writeMethod = bw.getPropertyDescriptor(propertyName).getWriteMethod();if (writeMethod == null) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Autowire marker for property without write method: " + pv);}originalValue = new DependencyDescriptor(new MethodParameter(writeMethod, 0), true);}                // 7. 解决B对象Object resolvedValue = valueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(pv, originalValue);Object convertedValue = resolvedValue;//省略代码}

BeanDefinitionValueResolver

@Nullablepublic Object resolveValueIfNecessary(Object argName, @Nullable Object value) {// We must check each value to see whether it requires a runtime reference// to another bean to be resolved.if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanReference) {RuntimeBeanReference ref = (RuntimeBeanReference) value;            //B对象作为A对象属性值，类型为RuntimeBeanReference 进入判断，执行方法resolveReferencereturn resolveReference(argName, ref);}// 省略代码

@Nullableprivate Object resolveReference(Object argName, RuntimeBeanReference ref) {try {Object bean;Class> beanType = ref.getBeanType();if (ref.isToParent()) {BeanFactory parent = this.beanFactory.getParentBeanFactory();if (parent == null) {throw new BeanCreationException(this.beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), this.beanName,"Cannot resolve reference to bean " + ref +" in parent factory: no parent factory available");}if (beanType != null) {bean = parent.getBean(beanType);}else {                    // A对象依赖B对象，获取B对象bean = parent.getBean(String.valueOf(doEvaluate(ref.getBeanName())));}}//省略代码

开始B对象的获取

第五站 依赖对象 B生成

重新回到

protected  T doGetBean(final String name, @Nullable final Class requiredType,@Nullable final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly) throws BeansException {final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);Object bean;// Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons.    //进入获取Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {logger.trace("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +"' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");}else {logger.trace("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");}}bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);}    //省略代码

类似A对象的处理，此处忽略

最终到了，处理B对象属性A对象，上述描述6 。此时，缓存情况如下：

进一步补充属性，即完成B对象中属性A对象的获取。

重新进入doGetBean ，进入 getSingleton

@Nullableprotected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {        // 此时一级缓存中获取A对象，同样 A对象为空，此时一级缓存中不存在Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);        // A对象状态为 实例化 因此，在创建中，进入判断if (singletonObject == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {                                // 二级缓存中获取 A对象 ，A对象为空，进入判断singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {                    //三级缓存中获取 A对象，可以读取到值ObjectFactory> singletonFactory = this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);if (singletonFactory != null) {singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();                        // 将A 对象放入 二级缓存this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);                        // 将A 对象从三级缓存中删除this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);}}}}return singletonObject;}

此时，缓存情况如下：

处理完B对象的属性A对象后，B对象此时变为初始化完成、实例化完成，成为完全态

public Object getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory> singletonFactory) {Assert.notNull(beanName, "Bean name must not be null");synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);if (singletonObject == null) {if (this.singletonsCurrentlyInDestruction) {throw new BeanCreationNotAllowedException(beanName,"Singleton bean creation not allowed while singletons of this factory are in destruction " +"(Do not request a bean from a BeanFactory in a destroy method implementation!)");}if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {logger.debug("Creating shared instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");}beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);boolean newSingleton = false;boolean recordSuppressedExceptions = (this.suppressedExceptions == null);if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {this.suppressedExceptions = new LinkedHashSet<>();}try {                    // singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();newSingleton = true;}catch (IllegalStateException ex) {// Has the singleton object implicitly appeared in the meantime ->// if yes, proceed with it since the exception indicates that state.singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);if (singletonObject == null) {throw ex;}}catch (BeanCreationException ex) {if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {for (Exception suppressedException : this.suppressedExceptions) {ex.addRelatedCause(suppressedException);}}throw ex;}finally {if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {this.suppressedExceptions = null;}afterSingletonCreation(beanName);}if (newSingleton) {                    // 8. A对象属性对象 B对象完成初始化后执行addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject);}}return singletonObject;}}

protected void addSingleton(String beanName, Object singletonObject) {synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {            // 一级缓存放入 B对象 完全态this.singletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);            // 三级缓存删除 B对象this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);            // 二级缓存删除 B对象this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);}}

此时，缓存情况如下：

此时A对象中属性B对象，完成初始化，A对象会执行以下代码

protected void addSingleton(String beanName, Object singletonObject) {synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {            // 一级缓存放入 A对象 完全态this.singletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);            // 三级缓存删除 A对象this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);            // 二级缓存删除 A对象this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);}}

此时，缓存情况如下：

第六站 遍历Bean对象 B

@Overridepublic void preInstantiateSingletons() throws BeansException {if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {logger.trace("Pre-instantiating singletons in " + this);}// Iterate over a copy to allow for init methods which in turn register new bean definitions.// While this may not be part of the regular factory bootstrap, it does otherwise work fine.List beanNames = new ArrayList<>(this.beanDefinitionNames);// Trigger initialization of all non-lazy singleton beans...        // 根据BeanDefinition 获取bean定义信息for (String beanName : beanNames) {RootBeanDefinition bd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);            // 首先 A对象 此处非抽象类 单例 非懒加载才能进入，A对象符合条件，进入if (!bd.isAbstract() && bd.isSingleton() && !bd.isLazyInit()) {if (isFactoryBean(beanName)) {Object bean = getBean(FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName);if (bean instanceof FactoryBean) {final FactoryBean> factory = (FactoryBean>) bean;boolean isEagerInit;if (System.getSecurityManager() != null && factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean) {isEagerInit = AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction)((SmartFactoryBean>) factory)::isEagerInit,getAccessControlContext());}else {isEagerInit = (factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean &&((SmartFactoryBean>) factory).isEagerInit());}if (isEagerInit) {getBean(beanName);}}}else {                    //B对象 进入getBean(beanName);}}}// 省略}

故事结尾

最后直接返回，因为完全态在一级缓存中都存在了。

@Nullableprotected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {        // 从一级缓存中获取B对象，获取得到，直接返回Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);if (singletonObject == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {ObjectFactory> singletonFactory = this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);if (singletonFactory != null) {singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);}}}}return singletonObject;}

终于结束了，带着大家走了一遍源码，不知道你能理解多少。

从以上源码，我们可以看到，Spring采用三级缓存，来实现循环依赖的解决。

常见的面试问题

• 循环依赖必须使用三级缓存么

其实，从我们解读看来，只需要把对象的两个状态处理好，就能处理好循环依赖的问题，因此实际上来说，不必要使用三级缓存对于一般的bean对象来讲。

• 为何Spring解决三级缓存要使用三级缓存，而不是二级缓存

为何Spring采用三级缓存，其实主要是因为Bean对象不仅仅是基础的一般对象，还会有一些AOP后期增强对象，通过Cglib或者JDK动态代理手段，植入的对象。二级缓存，只能满足一般Bean对象的处理，无法处理更多的对象。

再看三级缓存

/** Cache of singleton objects: bean name to bean instance. */// 一级缓存private final Map singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);/** Cache of singleton factories: bean name to ObjectFactory. */// 三级缓存 返回值类型 泛型为 ObjectFactory> 能够处理更多的事项private final Map> singletonFactories = new HashMap<>(16);/** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name to bean instance. */// 二级缓存private final Map earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<>(16);

以上就比较明确，为何使用三级而不是二级了

总结

看源码就是需要细致认真的解读，因此需要耐心。希望读者也能有耐心看下去。如果你可以，我相信，你对于循环依赖，不会有什么难点。

作者：小隐乐乐

原文链接：https://xie.infoq.cn/article/c98a21bdba74342723bb29518