ftp服务器linux log,FTP服务器快速搭建（linux）

FTP服务器快速搭建

1. 安装vsftpd服务

sudo apt-get install vsftpd

2. 配置ftp

2.1 编写配置文件

配置文件位置/etc/vsftpd.conf

#这些设置系统默认是开启的，可以不管

listen=NO

listen_ipv6=YES

dirmessage_enable=YES

use_localtime=YES

xferlog_enable=YES

connect_from_port_20=YES

#下面的就要自定义设置了，建议系统默认的不管，然后复制下面的

#是否允许匿名访问，NO为不允许

anonymous_enable=NO

#是否允许本地用户访问,就是linux本机中存在的用户，YES允许

local_enable=YES

#是否开启写模式，YES为开启

write_enable=YES

#新建文件权限，一般设置为022，那么新建后的文件的权限就是777-022=755

local_umask=022

#是否启动userlist为通过模式，YES的话只有存在于userlist文件中的用户才能登录ftp(可以理解为userlist是一个白名单)，NO的话，白名单失效，和下面一个参数配合使用

userlist_enable=YES

#是否启动userlist为禁止模式，YES表示在userlist中的用户禁止登录ftp(黑名单)，NO表示黑名单失效，我们已经让userlist作为一个白名单，所以无需使用黑名单功能

userlist_deny=NO

#指定哪个文件作为userlist文件，我们稍后编辑这个文件

userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd.user_list

#是否限制本地所有用户切换根目录的权限，YES为开启限制，即登录后的用户不能访问ftp根目录以外的目录，当然要限制啦

chroot_local_user=YES

#是否启动限制用户的名单list为允许模式，上面的YES限制了所有用户，可以用这个名单作为白名单，作为例外允许访问ftp根目录以外

chroot_list_enable=YES

#设置哪个文件是list文件，里面的用户将不受限制的去访问ftp根目录以外的目录

chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

#是否开启写模式，开启后可以进行创建文件夹等写入操作

allow_writeable_chroot=YES

#设置ftp根目录的位置,这个文件我们稍后自己创建

local_root=/opt/ftp_root

# set port

listen_port=8088

#开启被动模式

pasv_enable=YES

#FTP服务器公网IP

pasv_address=49.65.2.38

#设置被动模式下，建立数据传输可使用port范围的最小值

pasv_min_port=8000

#设置被动模式下，建立数据传输可使用port范围的最大值

pasv_max_port=8003

2.2 创建ftp专属用户和文件夹

mkdir /opt/ftp_root

sudo useradd -d /opt/ftp_root ftpuser

sudo passwd ftpuser

sudo chown ftpuser /opt/ftp_root/

2.3 创建白名单文件

创建我们在配置里写好的/etc/vsftpd.user_list文件和/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list文件，并且添加可以用于登陆的用户名

vim /etc/vsftpd.user_list

vim /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

3. 启动、调试

3.1 启动ftp服务器

sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd start

3.2 客户端登陆ftp

ftp [ip/域名] [端口]

然后输入配置好的用户名和密码，即可登陆成功

3.3 ftp的url

ftp的url组装格式如下

举例

3.3 问题的解决方式

3.3.1 530 Login incorrect

如果遇到登陆后出现

[hyperchain@puer-prod ~]$ ftp 192.168.3.208 8088

Connected to 192.168.3.208 (192.168.3.208).

220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3)

Name (192.168.3.207:root): ftpuser

331 Please specify the password.

Password:

530 Login incorrect.

Login failed.

进入到以下文件

vim /etc/pam.d/vsftpd

注释掉下面这一行

auth required pam_shells.so

然后重启ftp服务

3.3.2 500 Illegal PORT command.

如果登陆成功后，使用主动模式后出现

ftp> ls

500 Illegal PORT command.

ftp: bind: Address already in use

这是由于主动模式需要服务器连接客户端的端口。如果服务器和客户端不在同一局域网下(比如服务器在公网客户端在局域网)就会出现这个问题，服务端无法连接客户端的端口，只能切换到被动模式。在ftp命令行使用如下命令可以进行主动被动模式切换

ftp> passive mode

3.3.3 ftp: connect: Connection refused

如果在被动模式下出现以下问题

ftp> ls

227 Entering Passive Mode (0,0,0,0,31,67).

ftp: connect: Connection refused

可能是配置文件中pasv_address字段的问题，可以注释掉这个字段，或者配置正确的公网ip，再重启ftp服务器

附录

1. 原配置文件备份

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf

#

# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file

# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.

# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.

#

# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.

# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's

# capabilities.

#

#

# Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone

# daemon started from an initscript.

listen=NO

#

# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening

# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6

# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6

# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific

# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration

# files.

listen_ipv6=YES

#

# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).

anonymous_enable=NO

#

# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.

local_enable=YES

#

# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.

#write_enable=YES

#

# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,

# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)

#local_umask=022

#

# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only

# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will

# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.

#anon_upload_enable=YES

#

# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create

# new directories.

#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

#

# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they

# go into a certain directory.

dirmessage_enable=YES

#

# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time

# in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The

# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this

# option.

use_localtime=YES

#

# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.

xferlog_enable=YES

#

# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).

connect_from_port_20=YES

#

# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by

# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not

# recommended!

#chown_uploads=YES

#chown_username=whoever

#

# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown

# below.

#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log

#

# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.

# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.

#xferlog_std_format=YES

#

# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.

#idle_session_timeout=600

#

# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.

#data_connection_timeout=120

#

# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the

# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.

#nopriv_user=ftpsecure

#

# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not

# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,

# however, may confuse older FTP clients.

#async_abor_enable=YES

#

# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore

# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII

# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.

# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service

# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd

# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the

# raw file.

# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.

#ascii_upload_enable=YES

#ascii_download_enable=YES

#

# You may fully customise the login banner string:

#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.

#

# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently

# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.

#deny_email_enable=YES

# (default follows)

#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails

#

# You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for

# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or

# chroot_list_enable below.

#chroot_local_user=YES

#

# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home

# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of

# users to NOT chroot().

# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that

# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the

# chroot)

#chroot_local_user=YES

#chroot_list_enable=YES

# (default follows)

#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

#

# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by

# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large

# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume

# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.

#ls_recurse_enable=YES

#

# Customization

#

# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by

# default.

#

# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the

# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used

# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem

# access.

secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty

#

# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.

pam_service_name=vsftpd

#

# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL

# encrypted connections.

rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem

rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key

ssl_enable=NO

#

# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.

#utf8_filesystem=YES