linux spring boot 连接mysql_SpringBoot+MyBatis+MySQL读写分离实战

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大家好，我是你们的导师，我每天都会在这里给大家分享一些干货内容(当然了，周末也要允许老师休息一下哈)。上次老师跟大家分享了八点写出优雅的Java代码的建议的知识，今天跟大家分享下SpringBoot+MyBatis+MySQL读写分离实战的知识。

1 引言

读写分离要做的事情就是对于一条SQL该选择哪个数据库去执行，至于谁来做选择数据库这件事儿，无非两个，要么中间件帮我们做，要么程序自己做。因此，一般来讲，读写分离有两种实现方式。第一种是依靠中间件(比如：MyCat)，也就是说应用程序连接到中间件，中间件帮我们做SQL分离；第二种是应用程序自己去做分离。这里我们选择程序自己来做，主要是利用Spring提供的路由数据源，以及AOP 

然而，应用程序层面去做读写分离最大的弱点(不足之处)在于无法动态增加数据库节点，因为数据源配置都是写在配置中的，新增数据库意味着新加一个数据源，必然改配置，并重启应用。当然，好处就是相对简单。

2 AbstractRoutingDataSource

基于特定的查找key路由到特定的数据源。它内部维护了一组目标数据源，并且做了路由key与目标数据源之间的映射，提供基于key查找数据源的方法。

3 实践

关于配置请参考：

https://www.cnblogs.com/cjsblog/p/9706370.html

3.1 maven依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion><groupId>com.cjs.examplegroupId><artifactId>cjs-datasource-demoartifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion><packaging>jarpackaging><name>cjs-datasource-demoname><description>description><parent><groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId><version>2.0.5.RELEASEversion><relativePath/> parent><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8project.reporting.outputEncoding><java.version>1.8java.version>properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aopartifactId>dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbcartifactId>dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>dependency><dependency><groupId>org.mybatis.spring.bootgroupId><artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starterartifactId><version>1.3.2version>dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.commonsgroupId><artifactId>commons-lang3artifactId><version>3.8version>dependency><dependency><groupId>mysqlgroupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId><scope>runtimescope>dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId><scope>testscope>dependency>dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId>plugin>plugins>build>project>

3.2 数据源配置

application.yml

spring:datasource:master:jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.102.31:3306/testusername: rootpassword: 123456driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driverslave1:jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.102.56:3306/testusername: pig # 只读账户password: 123456driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driverslave2:jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.102.36:3306/testusername: pig # 只读账户password: 123456driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

多数据源配置

package com.cjs.example.config;import com.cjs.example.bean.MyRoutingDataSource;import com.cjs.example.enums.DBTypeEnum;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;import org.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import javax.sql.DataSource;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;/*** 关于数据源配置，参考SpringBoot官方文档第79章《Data Access》* 79. Data Access* 79.1 Configure a Custom DataSource* 79.2 Configure Two DataSources*/@Configurationpublic class DataSourceConfig {@Bean@ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.master")public DataSource masterDataSource() {return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();}@Bean@ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.slave1")public DataSource slave1DataSource() {return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();}@Bean@ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.slave2")public DataSource slave2DataSource() {return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();}@Beanpublic DataSource myRoutingDataSource(@Qualifier("masterDataSource") DataSource masterDataSource,@Qualifier("slave1DataSource") DataSource slave1DataSource,@Qualifier("slave2DataSource") DataSource slave2DataSource) {Map targetDataSources = new HashMap<>();targetDataSources.put(DBTypeEnum.MASTER, masterDataSource);targetDataSources.put(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE1, slave1DataSource);targetDataSources.put(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE2, slave2DataSource);MyRoutingDataSource myRoutingDataSource = new MyRoutingDataSource();myRoutingDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(masterDataSource);myRoutingDataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources);return myRoutingDataSource;}}

这里，我们配置了4个数据源，1个master，2两个slave，1个路由数据源。前3个数据源都是为了生成第4个数据源，而且后续我们只用这最后一个路由数据源。

MyBatis配置

package com.cjs.example.config;import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;import javax.annotation.Resource;import javax.sql.DataSource;@EnableTransactionManagement@Configurationpublic class MyBatisConfig {@Resource(name = "myRoutingDataSource")private DataSource myRoutingDataSource;@Beanpublic SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory() throws Exception {SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(myRoutingDataSource);sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath:mapper/*.xml"));return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();}@Beanpublic PlatformTransactionManager platformTransactionManager() {return new DataSourceTransactionManager(myRoutingDataSource);}}

由于Spring容器中现在有4个数据源，所以我们需要为事务管理器和MyBatis手动指定一个明确的数据源。

3.3 设置路由key / 查找数据源 

目标数据源就是那前3个这个我们是知道的，但是使用的时候是如果查找数据源的呢？ 首先，我们定义一个枚举来代表这三个数据源

package com.cjs.example.enums;public enum DBTypeEnum {MASTER, SLAVE1, SLAVE2;}

接下来，通过ThreadLocal将数据源设置到每个线程上下文中

package com.cjs.example.bean;import com.cjs.example.enums.DBTypeEnum;import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;public class DBContextHolder {private static final ThreadLocal contextHolder = new ThreadLocal<>();private static final AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(-1);public static void set(DBTypeEnum dbType) {contextHolder.set(dbType);}public static DBTypeEnum get() {return contextHolder.get();}public static void master() {set(DBTypeEnum.MASTER);System.out.println("切换到master");}public static void slave() {// 轮询int index = counter.getAndIncrement() % 2;if (counter.get() > 9999) {counter.set(-1);}if (index == 0) {set(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE1);System.out.println("切换到slave1");}else {set(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE2);System.out.println("切换到slave2");}}}

获取路由key

package com.cjs.example.bean;import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;public class MyRoutingDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {@Nullable@Overrideprotected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {return DBContextHolder.get();}}

设置路由key 

默认情况下，所有的查询都走从库，插入/修改/删除走主库。我们通过方法名来区分操作类型(CRUD)

package com.cjs.example.aop;import com.cjs.example.bean.DBContextHolder;import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Aspect@Componentpublic class DataSourceAop {@Pointcut("!@annotation(com.cjs.example.annotation.Master) " +"&& (execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.select*(..)) " +"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.get*(..)))")public void readPointcut() {}@Pointcut("@annotation(com.cjs.example.annotation.Master) " +"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.insert*(..)) " +"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.add*(..)) " +"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.update*(..)) " +"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.edit*(..)) " +"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.delete*(..)) " +"|| execution(* com.cjs.example.service..*.remove*(..))")public void writePointcut() {}@Before("readPointcut()")public void read() {DBContextHolder.slave();}@Before("writePointcut()")public void write() {DBContextHolder.master();}/*** 另一种写法：if...else... 判断哪些需要读从数据库，其余的走主数据库*/// @Before("execution(* com.cjs.example.service.impl.*.*(..))")// public void before(JoinPoint jp) {// String methodName = jp.getSignature().getName();//// if (StringUtils.startsWithAny(methodName, "get", "select", "find")) {// DBContextHolder.slave();// }else {// DBContextHolder.master();// }// }}

有一般情况就有特殊情况，特殊情况是某些情况下我们需要强制读主库，针对这种情况，我们定义一个主键，用该注解标注的就读主库。

package com.cjs.example.annotation;public @interface Master {}

例如，假设我们有一张表member

package com.cjs.example.service.impl;import com.cjs.example.annotation.Master;import com.cjs.example.entity.Member;import com.cjs.example.entity.MemberExample;import com.cjs.example.mapper.MemberMapper;import com.cjs.example.service.MemberService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;import java.util.List;@Servicepublic class MemberServiceImpl implements MemberService {@Autowiredprivate MemberMapper memberMapper;@Transactional@Overridepublic int insert(Member member) {return memberMapper.insert(member);}@Master@Overridepublic int save(Member member) {return memberMapper.insert(member);}@Overridepublic ListselectAll() {return memberMapper.selectByExample(new MemberExample());}@Master@Overridepublic String getToken(String appId) {// 有些读操作必须读主数据库// 比如，获取微信access_token，因为高峰时期主从同步可能延迟// 这种情况下就必须强制从主数据读return null;}}

4 测试

测试

package com.cjs.example;import com.cjs.example.entity.Member;import com.cjs.example.service.MemberService;import org.junit.Test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)@SpringBootTestpublic class CjsDatasourceDemoApplicationTests {@Autowiredprivate MemberService memberService;@Testpublic void testWrite() {Member member = new Member();member.setName("zhangsan");memberService.insert(member);}@Testpublic void testRead() {for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {memberService.selectAll();}}@Testpublic void testSave() {Member member = new Member();member.setName("wangwu");memberService.save(member);}@Testpublic void testReadFromMaster() {memberService.getToken("1234");}}

查看控制台

5 工程结构

6 参考

https://www.jianshu.com/p/f2f4256a2310http://www.cnblogs.com/gl-developer/p/6170423.htmlhttps://www.cnblogs.com/huangjuncong/p/8576935.htmlhttps://blog.csdn.net/liu976180578/article/details/77684583

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