python中startout是什么意思_Python中线程Timeout的使用

Python中关于Timeout有另一种用起来更简便的方法，即使用装饰器。这种方式是使用sys模块的settrace等方法重构了python的threading类：#!/usr/bin/python

import threading

import sys

class KThread(threading.Thread):

"""Subclass of threading.Thread, with a kill() method."""

def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):

threading.Thread.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

self.killed = False

def start(self):

"""Start the thread."""

self.__run_backup = self.run

"""Force the Thread to install our trace."""

self.run = self.__run

threading.Thread.start(self)

def __run(self):

"""Hacked run function, which installs the trace."""

sys.settrace(self.globaltrace)

self.__run_backup()

self.run = self.__run_backup

def globaltrace(self, frame, why, arg):

if why == 'call':

return self.localtrace

else:

return None

def localtrace(self, frame, why, arg):

if self.killed:

if why == 'line':

raise SystemExit()

return self.localtrace

def kill(self):

self.killed = True

然后，构造一个timeout装饰器，这个装饰器利用上面重载的KThread实现超时限制：

def timeout(seconds):

def timeout_decorator(func):

def _new_func(oldfunc, result, oldfunc_args, oldfunc_kwargs):

result.append(oldfunc(*oldfunc_args, **oldfunc_kwargs))

def _(*args, **kwargs):

result = []

'''create new args for _new_funcbecause

we want to get the func return val to result list

'''

new_kwargs = {

'oldfunc': func,

'result': result,

'oldfunc_args': args,

'oldfunc_kwargs': kwargs

}

thd = KThread(target=_new_func, args=(), kwargs=new_kwargs)

thd.start()

thd.join(seconds)

alive = thd.isAlive()

'''kill the child thread'''

thd.kill()

if alive:

alert_exce = u'function timeout for [%d s].' % seconds

raise Timeout(alert_exce)

else:

return result[0]

_.__name__ = func.__name__

_.__doc__ = func.__doc__

return _

return timeout_decorator

这种方法使用起来十分简单：只需要在需要超时控制的函数前面使用@timeout(sec)装饰器即可。

但是这种方法有比较明显的缺陷，因为其本质是使用将函数使用重载的线程来控制，一旦被添加装饰器的函数内部使用了线程或者子进程等复杂的结构，而这些线程和子进程其实是无法获得超时控制的，所以可能导致外层的超时控制无效。