linux系统下alsa设备,linux alsa配置

1 查看系统audio设备

查看audio设备摘要信息

1

$ aplay -l

可能的输出：

**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****

card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 0: ALC662 rev1 Analog [ALC662 rev1 Analog]

Subdevices: 1/1

Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 1: ALC662 rev1 Digital [ALC662 rev1 Digital]

Subdevices: 1/1

Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]

Subdevices: 1/1

Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 7: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]

Subdevices: 1/1

Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 8: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]

Subdevices: 1/1

Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 9: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]

Subdevices: 1/1

Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

查看audio详细信息

1

$ aplay -L

可能输出：

null

Discard all samples (playback) or generate zero samples (capture)

front:CARD=Intel,DEV=0

HDA Intel, ALC662 rev1 Analog

Front speakers

surround40:CARD=Intel,DEV=0

HDA Intel, ALC662 rev1 Analog

4.0 Surround output to Front and Rear speakers

surround41:CARD=Intel,DEV=0

HDA Intel, ALC662 rev1 Analog

4.1 Surround output to Front, Rear and Subwoofer speakers

surround50:CARD=Intel,DEV=0

HDA Intel, ALC662 rev1 Analog

5.0 Surround output to Front, Center and Rear speakers

surround51:CARD=Intel,DEV=0

HDA Intel, ALC662 rev1 Analog

5.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Rear and Subwoofer speakers

surround71:CARD=Intel,DEV=0

HDA Intel, ALC662 rev1 Analog

7.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Side, Rear and Woofer speakers

iec958:CARD=Intel,DEV=0

HDA Intel, ALC662 rev1 Digital

IEC958 (S/PDIF) Digital Audio Output

hdmi:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0

HDA NVidia, HDMI 0

HDMI Audio Output

hdmi:CARD=NVidia,DEV=1

HDA NVidia, HDMI 0

HDMI Audio Output

hdmi:CARD=NVidia,DEV=2

HDA NVidia, HDMI 0

HDMI Audio Output

hdmi:CARD=NVidia,DEV=3

HDA NVidia, HDMI 0

HDMI Audio Output

2 配置文件

最简单的/etc/asound.conf格式如下(用户配置文件为~/.asoundrc):

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defaults.ctl.card 0

2

defaults.pcm.card 0

3

defaults.timer.card 0

4

5

pcm.!default {

6

typehw

7

card 0

8

device 0

9

}

10

11

ctl.!default {

12

typehw

13

card 0

14

device 0

15

}

其中card和device的确定从aplay -l命令得到。对比aplaya -l的输出，可以看到上面的配置文件使用了Intel的音频设备。

2.1 设置默认输出设备

首先根据aplay -l的输出来确定声卡ID和设备ID

把Intel模拟输出作为默认audio输出设备

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defaults.ctl.card 0

2

defaults.pcm.card 0

3

defaults.timer.card 0

4

5

pcm.!default {

6

typehw

7

card 0

8

device 0

9

}

10

11

ctl.!default {

12

typehw

13

card 0

14

device 0

15

}

另一种简化格式:

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defaults.pcm.card 0

2

defaults.pcm.device 0

3

defaults.ctl.card 0

把Nvidia HDMI数字输出作为默认audio输出设备

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defaults.ctl.card 1

2

defaults.pcm.card 1

3

defaults.timer.card 1

4

5

pcm.!default {

6

typehw

7

card 1

8

device 7

9

}

10

11

ctl.!default {

12

typehw

13

card 1

14

device 7

15

}

另一种简化格式:

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defaults.pcm.card 1

2

defaults.pcm.device 7

3

defaults.ctl.card 1

3 测试audio设备

测试指定audio设备

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$ speaker-test-D front:Intel -c2 -r44100 -FS16_LE -twav

或者

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speaker-test-c 2 -r 48000 -D hw:1,7

测试默认audio设备

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$ speaker-test-c2 -r44100 -FS16_LE -twav

4 调节audio设备

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$ alsamixer -c 0

5 配置文件的保存和还原

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$ alsactl store -f /var/lib/alsa/asound.state

2

$ alsactl restore -f /var/lib/alsa/asound.state

6 一些其它问题

怎样改变声卡的识别顺序

可以编辑/etc/modprobe.d/50-sound.conf文件，比如：

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options snd slots=snd-hda-intel,snd-hda-intel

2

# u1Nb.XgOz+05oSl4:Intel Corporation

3

aliassnd-card-0 snd-hda-intel

4

# NXNs.vUieta7noB9:nVidia Corporation

5

aliassnd-card-1 snd-hda-intel

6

7

options snd-hda-intel index=1,0

这里需要关心的是最后一行的index=1,0

重启机器后使用命令 cat /proc/asound/cards 参看输出：

0 [NVidia ]: HDA-Intel - HDA NVidia

HDA NVidia at 0xeb000000 irq 17

1 [PCH ]: HDA-Intel - HDA Intel PCH

HDA Intel PCH at 0xeb300000 irq 42

ftp://download.nvidia.com/XFree86/gpu-hdmi-audio-document/gpu-hdmi-audio.html