python支持的数据类型list_Python基本数据类型之list

一、创建列表：

li = []

li = list()

name_list = ['alex', 'seven', 'eric']

name_list ＝ list(['alex', 'seven', 'eric'])

二、基本操作：

索引

name_list = ["eirc","morra","tommy"]

print(name_list[0]) #eirc

print (name_list[2]) #'tommy'

print (name_list[-1]) #'tommy'

print (name_list[-2]) #'morra'

print (name_list[1:]) #['morra', 'tommy']

print(name_list.index('eirc')) #输出eric的索引

print(type(li[2])) #索引取出来后是元素的类型

索引的特殊用法

>>> li=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]

>>> li[::-1] #倒叙

[8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

>>> li[::-2] #元素之间间隔2

[8, 6, 4, 2]

>>> li[::-3]

[8, 5, 2]

切片

name_list = ["eirc","morra","tommy"]

print(name_list[0:2]) #['eirc', 'morra']

print(name_list[2:len(name_list)]) #['tommy']

print(type(li[1:2])) #切片取出之后是列表类型

追加与扩展

追加：

name_list = ["eirc","morra","tommy"]

name_list.append('456') #直接操作对象，无返回值

print(name_list)

OUTPUT:

['eirc', 'morra', 'tommy', '456']

扩展：

name_list = ["eirc","morra","tommy"]

name_list2 = ["bom"]

name_list.extend(name_list2) #直接操作对象，无返回值

print(name_list)

OUTPUT:

['eirc', 'morra', 'tommy', 'bom']

插入

name_list = ["eirc","morra","tommy"]

name_list.insert(1,'hello') #直接操作对象，无返回值

print(name_list)

OUTPUT:

['eirc', 'hello', 'morra', 'tommy']

删除

pop()：删除尾部元素

name_list = ["eirc","morra","tommy"]

temp = name_list.pop() #删除尾部元素，并把所删除的元素存到一个新值里

print(name_list)

print(temp)

OUTPUT:

['eirc', 'morra']

tommy

remove()：删除指定元素，只能有一个参数(匹配从左到右的第一个)，不能加index

name_list = ["eirc","morra","tommy"]

name_list.remove("morra")

print(name_list)

OUTPUT:

['eirc', 'tommy']

del:删除指定元素，可以使用索引和切片

name_list = ["eirc","morra","tommy","bom"]

del name_list[0]

print(name_list)

del name_list[1:2]

print(name_list)

OUTPUT：

['morra', 'tommy', 'bom']

['morra', 'bom']

列表脚本操作符

列表对+和的操作符与字符串相似。+号用于组合列表，号用于重复列表，例如：

print len([1, 2, 3]); #3

print [1, 2, 3] + [4, 5, 6]; #[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

print ['Hi!'] * 4; #['Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!']

print 3 in [1, 2, 3] #True

for x in [1, 2, 3]: print x, #1 2 3

拷贝

list的拷贝有5种方式

#1

listb = lista[:]

#2

listb = list(lista)

#3

listb = [i for i in lista]

#4

import copy

listb = copy.copy(lista) #浅拷贝

#5

import copy

listb = copy.deepcopy(lista) #深拷贝

补充

注意：在业务代码里，一般会把列表写成 a = [1,2,3,]的形式，在使用特定框架时会用到。

三、可迭代性

一般来说只要可以用for循环，我们就认为它是可迭代的

class list(object):

"""

list() -> new empty list

list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items

"""

判断一个数据类型是否可迭代：

from collections import Iterable #使用collections模块的Iterable类型来判断

li = [1,2,3,4]

ret = isinstance(li,Iterable)

print(ret) #True

字符串转列表

s = "你好morra"

li = list(s)

print(li)

OUTPUT:

['你', '好', 'm', 'o', 'r', 'r', 'a']

元组转列表

tu = ("你好","alex")

li = list(tu)

print(li)

OUTPUT:

['你好', 'alex']

字典转列表

dic = {'k1':'hello','k2':'morra'}

l3 = list(dic) #字典在循环的时候默认只循环key

print(l3)

l4 = list(dic.values())

print(l4)

l5 = list(dic.items())

print(l5)

OUTPUT:

['k2', 'k1']

['morra', 'hello']

[('k2', 'morra'), ('k1', 'hello')]

四、源码

class list(object):

"""

list() -> new empty list

list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items

"""

def append(self, p_object):

"""追加，直接操作对象，无返回值"""

""" L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end """

pass

def clear(self):

""" L.clear() -> None -- remove all items from L """

pass

def copy(self):

""" L.copy() -> list -- a shallow copy of L """

return []

def count(self, value):

""" L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """

return 0

def extend(self, iterable):

""" L.extend(iterable) -> None -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable """

pass

def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None):

"""

L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.

Raises ValueError if the value is not present.

"""

return 0

def insert(self, index, p_object):

""" L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index """

pass

def pop(self, index=None):

"""

L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).

Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.

"""

pass

def remove(self, value):

"""

L.remove(value) -> None -- remove first occurrence of value.

Raises ValueError if the value is not present.

"""

pass

def reverse(self):

"""列表倒序"""

""" L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """

pass

def sort(self, key=None, reverse=False):

""""快速排序，问：包含字母数字中文的列表该怎么排序？"""

""" L.sort(key=None, reverse=False) -> None -- stable sort *IN PLACE* """

pass

def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs):

""" Return self+value. """

pass

def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs):

""" Return key in self. """

pass

def __delitem__(self, *args, **kwargs):

""" Delete self[key]. """

pass

def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs):

""" Return self==value. """

pass

def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs):

""" Return getattr(self, name). """

pass

def __getitem__(self, y):

""" x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """

pass

def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs):

""" Return self>=value. """

pass

def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs):

""" Return self>value. """

pass

def __iadd__(self, *args, **kwargs):

""" Implement self+=value. """

pass

def __imul__(self, *args, **kwargs):

""" Implement self*=value. """

pass

def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of list.__init__

"""

list() -> new empty list

list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items

# (copied from class doc)

"""

pass

def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs):

""" Implement iter(self). """

pass

def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs):

""" Return len(self). """

pass

def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs):

""" Return self<=value. """

pass

def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs):

""" Return self

pass

def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs):

""" Return self*value.n """

pass

@staticmethod # known case of __new__

def __new__(*args, **kwargs):

""" Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """

pass

def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs):

""" Return self!=value. """

pass

def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs):

""" Return repr(self). """

pass

def __reversed__(self):

""" L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list """

pass

def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs):

""" Return self*value. """

pass

def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs):

""" Set self[key] to value. """

pass

def __sizeof__(self):

""" L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes """

pass

__hash__ = None