更新国内镜像源
国内速度较快的常用更新源如下:
[root@greymouster ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/[root@greymouster yum.repos.d]# ll
total16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1926 Nov 27 2013 CentOS-Base.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 638 Nov 27 2013 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Nov 27 2013 CentOS-Media.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3664 Nov 27 2013 CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@greymouster yum.repos.d]# cp CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.ori
[root@greymouster yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
[root@greymouster yum.repos.d]# cp CentOS6-Base-163.repo CentOS-Base.repo
安装必要的软件包
yum install tree telnet dos2unix sysstat lrzsz -y
yumupdate 把系统的更新到最新
yumgrouplist 查看系统都安装了那些安装包
安装后的基本调优及安全设置
1.关闭selinux
2.设定runlevel为3
[root@greymouster ~]# grep 3:initdefault /etc/inittab
id:3:initdefault:
[root@greymouster~]# init 3
3.精简开机系统启动的服务为:
[root@greymouster ~]# LANG=en
[root@greymouster~]# chkconfig --list|grep "3:on"[root@greymouster~]# for test in `chkconfig --list|grep "3:on"|awk '{print $1}'`;dochkconfig $test off;done
[root@greymouster~]# for test in crond network rsyslog sshd;dochkconfig $test on;done
[root@greymouster~]# chkconfig --list|grep "3:on"
或者
[root@greymouster ~]# for test in `chkconfig --list|grep "3:on"|awk '{print $1}'|grep -vE"crond|network|rsyslog|sshd"`;do chkconfig $test off;done
4.更改ssh服务远程登录的配置
[root@greymouster ~]# cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.ori
[root@greymouster~]# vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
5.将普通帐号加入到sudo管理
[root@greymouster ~]# visudo
98gg//定位到98行
root ALL=(ALL) ALL
greymouster ALL=(ALL) /usr/sbin/useradd
或者这样修改:拥有全部的权限但不需要密码
greymouster ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
%用户组 机器=(授权那个角色的权利) /usr/sbin/useradd
[root@greymouster~]# su -greymouster
[greymouster@greymouster~]$ useradd kkk-bash: /usr/sbin/useradd: Permission denied
[greymouster@greymouster~]$ sudo useradd kkk
[sudo] passwordforgreymouster:
[greymouster@greymouster~]$ tail -1 /etc/passwd
kkk:x:502:502::/home/kkk:/bin/bash
[greymouster@greymouster ~]$ netstat -lntup|grep ssh
(No info could be read for "-p": geteuid()=501 but you should be root.)
[greymouster@greymouster ~]$ sudo netstat -lntup|grep ssh
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:60222 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 28683/sshd
tcp 0 0 :::60222 :::* LISTEN 28683/sshd
[greymouster@greymouster ~]$
6.修改中文显示
7.服务器时间同步
[root@greymouster ~]# /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov25 Mar 15:19:50 ntpdate[29421]: step time server 128.138.141.172 offset 248182.140419sec
[root@greymouster~]# date
2017年 03月 25日 星期六15:20:07CST
[root@greymouster~]# echo '#time sync by greymouster at 2017-3-25' >> /var/spool/cron/root
[root@greymouster ~]# echo '*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov > /dev/null 2>&1'>>/var/spool/cron/root
[root@greymouster~]# crontab -l
#time sync by greymouster at2017-3-25
*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov > /dev/null 2>&1
8.加大服务器的文件描述符
9.调整内核参数文件 /etc/sysctl.conf
vim /etc/sysctl.conf shift+g 切换到底部添加
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 2net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse= 1net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle= 1net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies= 1net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time= 600net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 4000 65000net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog= 16384net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets= 36000net.ipv4.route.gc_timeout= 100net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries= 1net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries= 1net.core.somaxconn= 16384net.core.netdev_max_backlog= 16384net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans= 16384
防火墙的优化则添加以下,在6.4上是,如下:
net.nf_conntrack_max = 25000000net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max= 25000000net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established= 180net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait= 120net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait= 60net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait= 120
[root@greymouster ~]# sysctl -p //生效
10、锁定关键文件系统
[root@greymouster ~]# chattr +i /etc/passwd
[root@greymouster~]# chattr +i /etc/inittab
[root@greymouster~]# chattr +i /etc/group
[root@greymouster~]# chattr +i /etc/shadow
[root@greymouster~]# chattr +i /etc/gshadow
使用chattr命令后,为了安全我们需要将其改名
[root@greymouster ~]# /bin/mv /usr/bin/chattr /usr/bin/任意名称
查看枷锁:lsattr /etc/passwd
11、去除系统及内核版本登录前的屏幕显示
[root@greymouster ~]# /etc/redhat-release
[root@greymouster~]# cat /dev/null >/etc/issue