python 类装饰器和函数装饰器区别_python进阶之装饰器之4在类中定义装饰器，将装饰器定义为类，两者的区别与联系...

# 把装饰器定义为类

# 定义中需要实现__call__(),__get__() 方法

import types

from functools import wraps

class Profiled:

def __init__(self, func):

wraps(func)(self)

self.ncalls = 0

def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):

self.ncalls += 1

return self.__wrapped__(*args, **kwargs)

def __get__(self, instance, cls):

if instance is None:

return self

else:

return types.MethodType(self, instance)

# 在类外使用装饰器

@Profiled

def add(x, y):

re

4.1 在类中定义装饰器

以实例或者以类方法的形式进行应用

代码解析：

from functools importwrapsclassA:#Decorator as an instance method

defdecorator1(self, func):

@wraps(func)def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):print('Decorator 1')return func(*args, **kwargs)returnwrapper#Decorator as a class method

@classmethoddefdecorator2(cls, func):

@wraps(func)def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):print('Decorator 2')return func(*args, **kwargs)returnwrapper#As an instance method

a =A()

@a.decorator1defspam():pass

#As a class method

@A.decorator2defgrok():pass

#这种方法在标准库中就有示例，比如说@property，实际是拥有#getter()/setter()/deleter()方法的类，类中每一个定义的方#法可以作为装饰器#比如代码如下：

classPerson:#Create a property instance

first_name =property()#Apply decorator methods

@first_name.getterdeffirst_name(self):returnself._first_name

@first_name.setterdeffirst_name(self, value):if notisinstance(value, str):raise TypeError('Expected a string')

self._first_name= value

4.2 把装饰器定义为类

定义中需要实现__call__(),__get__() 方法

#把装饰器定义为类#定义中需要实现__call__(),__get__() 方法

importtypesfrom functools importwrapsclassProfiled:def __init__(self, func):

wraps(func)(self)

self.ncalls=0def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):

self.ncalls+= 1

return self.__wrapped__(*args, **kwargs)def __get__(self, instance, cls):if instance isNone:returnselfelse:returntypes.MethodType(self, instance)#在类外使用装饰器

@Profileddefadd(x, y):return x +y#在类中使用装饰器

classSpam:

@Profileddefbar(self, x):print(self, x)print(add(2, 3)) #5

print(add(3, 3)) #6

print(add(4, 3)) #7

print(add.ncalls) #3

s=Spam()print(s.bar(1)) #<__main__.Spam object at 0x000001F39D74D4E0> 1

print(s.bar(2)) #<__main__.Spam object at 0x000001F39D74D4E0> 2

print(s.bar(3)) #<__main__.Spam object at 0x000001F39D74D4E0> 3

print(Spam.bar.ncalls) #3

print(s.bar.ncalls) #3