python shelve模块_python之shelve模块详解

#七、代码示例#1.创建一个shelf对象，直接使用open函数即可

importshelve

s= shelve.open('test_shelf.db') #try:

s['kk'] = {'int': 10, 'float': 9.5, 'String': 'Sample data'}

s['MM'] = [1, 2, 3]finally:

s.close()#2.如果想要再次访问这个shelf，只需要再次shelve.open()就可以了，然后我们可以像使用字典一样来使用这个shelf

importshelvetry:

s= shelve.open('test_shelf.db')

value= s['kk']print(value)finally:

s.close()#3.对shelf对象，增、删、改操作

importshelve

s= shelve.open('test_shelf.db', flag='w', writeback=True)try:#增加

s['QQQ'] = 2333

#删除

del s['MM']#修改

s['kk'] = {'String': 'day day up'}finally:

s.close()#注意：flag设置为‘r’-只读模式，当程序试图去修改一个以只读方式打开的DB时，将会抛一个访问错误的异常。异常的具体类型取决于anydbm这个模块在创建DB时所选用的DB。异常举例：anydbm.error: need ‘c’ or ‘n’ flag to open new db

#4.循环遍历shelf对象

importshelve

s= shelve.open('test_shelf.db')try:#方法一：

for item ins.items():print ('键[{}] = 值[{}]'.format(item[0], s[item[0]]))#方法二：

for key, value ins.items():print(key, value)finally:

s.close()#5.备注一个错误：#open中的参数filename，起初认为需要手动新建一个.db，或者.dat的文件，目前电脑中无任何真正的数据库文件，所以采用了新建txt文件，修改后缀的方法创建.db，或者.dat的文件。#解释器报错，提示内容为："anydbm.error: db type could not be determined"，#原因是是filename已经存在，并且格式与shelve不符，所以提示 “db type could not be determined”。#解决方法是，删除该文件。首次运行后会自动生成该filename文件。#6.稍微复杂些的案例，实现一个简单提问式的数据库

#encoding:utf-8#2018/3/8

#简单的数据库

importsys,shelvedefprint_help():'存储(增加)、查找、更新(修改)、循环打印、删除、退出、帮助'

print('The available commons are:')print('store : Stores information about a person')print('lookup : Looks up a person from ID numbers')print("update : Update a person's information from ID number")print('print_all: Print all informations')print("delete : Delete a person's information from ID number")print('quit : Save changes and exit')print('? : Print this message')defstore_people(db):

pid= input('Please enter a unique ID number:')

person={}

person['name'] = input('Please enter the name:')

person['age'] = input('Please enter the age:')

person['phone'] = input('Please enter the phone:')

db[pid]=personprint("Store information: pid is %s, information is %s" %(pid, person))deflookup_people(db):

pid= input('Please enter the number:')

field= input('What would you like to know? (name, age, phone)')if pid indb.keys():

value=db[pid][field]print("Pid %s's %s is %s" %(pid, field, value))else:print('Not found this number')defupdate_people(db):

pid= input('Please enter the number:')

field= input('What would you like to update? (name, age, phone)')

newvalue= input('Enter the new information:')if pid indb.keys():

value=db[pid]

value[field]=newvalueprint("Pid %s's %s update information is %s" %(pid, field, newvalue))else:print("Not found this number, can't update")defdelete_people(db):

pid= input('Please enter the number:')if pid indb.keys():deldb[pid]print("pid %s's information delete done" %pid)else:print( "Not found this number, can't delete")defprint_all_people(db):print( 'All information are:')for key, value indb.items():print(key, value)defenter_cmd():

cmd= input('Please enter the cmd(? for help):')

cmd=cmd.strip().lower()returncmddefmain():

database= shelve.open('database201803.dat', writeback=True)try:whileTrue:

cmd=enter_cmd()if cmd == 'store':

store_people(database)elif cmd == 'lookup':

lookup_people(database)elif cmd == 'update':

update_people(database)elif cmd == 'print_all':

print_all_people(database)elif cmd == 'delete':

delete_people(database)elif cmd == '?':

print_help()elif cmd == 'quit':return

finally:

database.close()if __name__ == '__main__':

main()