建表时指定虚拟列,示例代码如下:
SQL> create table dbdream(id number,identifier varchar2(255),
keyword varchar2(20),fond_code varchar2(20) generated always as
(substr(identifier,1,2)));
Table created.
也可以在已有的表中增加虚拟列:
SQL> drop table dbdream purge;
Table dropped.
SQL> create table dbdream(id number,identifier varchar2(255),keyword
varchar2(20));
Table created.
SQL> alter table dbdream add fond_code varchar2(20) generated always as
(substr(identifier,1,2));
Table altered.
如果在已有表中增加虚拟列时,没有指定虚拟列的字段类型,ORACLE会根据generated always as后面的表达式计算的结果自动设置该字段的字段类型,示例代码如下:
SQL> alter table dbdream drop column FOND_CODE;
Table altered.
SQL> alter table dbdream add fond_code generated always as
(substr(identifier,1,2));
Table altered.
SQL> desc dbdream
NameNull? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
IDNUMBER
IDENTIFIERVARCHAR2(255)
KEYWORDVARCHAR2(20)
FOND_CODEVARCHAR2(8)
虚拟列的值由ORACLE根据表达式自动计算得出,不可以手动去修改和指定虚拟列的值:
SQL> insert into dbdream values(1,'02-01-03-03296-001','奏折','02');
insert into dbdream values(1,'02-01-03-03296-001','奏折','02')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-54013: INSERT operation disallowed on virtual columns
虚拟列的值并不是真实存在的,只有利用到虚拟列,ORACLE才会根据表达式计算出虚拟列的值,磁盘上并不存放虚拟列的值。
SQL> insert into dbdream(id,identifier,keyword) values
(1,'02-01-03-03296-001','奏折');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into dbdream(id,identifier,keyword) values
(2,'03-01-03-0001-001','手谕');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into dbdream(id,identifier,keyword) values
(3,'04-01-02-0075-010','奏折');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into dbdream(id,identifier,keyword) values
(4,'05-01-03-0001-001','遗诏');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
以上虽然没有插入虚拟列的值(也插入不了),但是ORACLE会根据虚拟列的表达式自动计算出虚拟列的值:
SQL> select * from dbdream;
ID IDENTIFIERKEYWORDFOND_COD
-- ----------------- ---------------
102-01-03-0326-001奏折02
2 03-01-03-0001-001手谕03
3 04-01-02-0075-010奏折04
405-01-03-0001-001遗诏05
可以把虚拟列当做分区关键字建立分区表:
SQL> create table stream(ID NUMBER,IDENTIFIER VARCHAR2(255),
2KEYWORD VARCHAR2(20),FOND_CODE VARCHAR2(8)
3generated always as (substr(identifier,1,2)))
4partition by list (FOND_CODE)
5(partition par01 values('02'),
6partition par02 values('03'),
7partition par03 values('04'),
8partition par04 values('05'),
9partition par05 values(default));
Table created.
将dbdream表里的数据插入到stream表:
SQL> insert into stream(id,identifier,keyword) select id,
identifier,keyword from dbdream;
4 rows created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
查询数据验证分区建立是否正确:
SQL> select * from dbdream;
ID IDENTIFIERKEYWORDFOND_COD
-- ----------------- ---------------
102-01-03-0326-001奏折02
2 03-01-03-0001-001手谕03
3 04-01-02-0075-010奏折04
405-01-03-0001-001遗诏05
SQL> select * from stream partition(par01);
ID IDENTIFIERKEYWORDFOND_COD
-- --------------------------------
1 02-01-03-0326-001奏折02
SQL> select * from stream partition(par02);
ID IDENTIFIERKEYWORDFOND_COD
----------------------------------
2 03-01-03-0001-001手谕03
SQL> select * from stream partition(par03);
ID IDENTIFIERKEYWORDFOND_COD
-- --------------------------------
3 04-01-02-0075-010奏折04
SQL> select * from stream partition(par04);
ID IDENTIFIERKEYWORDFOND_COD
----------------------------------
4 05-01-03-0001-001遗诏05
SQL> select * from stream partition(par05);
no rows selected
可见在虚拟列做分区表的分区键是可以的,这也是ORACLE 11g的新特性-虚拟列分区,下面是虚拟列的特点和限制(可能不全):
1.虚拟列的值由ORACLE通过表达式计算得出,并不存放在表中。
2.不可以对虚拟列做UPDATE和INSERT操作。
3.可以在虚拟列上建立索引,可以建立虚拟列分区表。
SQL> create index ind_fond on dbdream(fond_code);
Index created.
4.只能在堆组织表(普通表)上创建虚拟列,不能在索引组织表、外部表、临时表上创建虚拟列。
5.虚拟列字段不能是LOB或RAW类型。
6.表达式中的所有列必须在同一张表。
7.表达式不能使用其他虚拟列。
有些资料上说不能对虚拟列做DELETE操作,但实验证明是可以的:
SQL> delete from dbdream where FOND_CODE='05';
1 row deleted.
SQL> rollback;
Rollback complete.