Scala 函数高级操作

1 字符串操作

1）多行

scala> val b =
     |     """
     |       |这是一个多行字符串
     |       |hello
     |       |lisi
     |       |hehe
     |     """.stripMargin
b: String =
"
这是一个多行字符串
hello
lisi
hehe
    "

2）插值

scala> val name = "lisi"
name: String = lisi

scala> println(s"hello: $name")
hello: lisi

2 匿名函数

// 匿名函数
scala> def add = (x: Int, y: Int) => {
     |     x + y
     |   }
add: (Int, Int) => Int

// 匿名函数
scala>   val f = (x: Int) => x + 1
f: Int => Int = <function1>

scala> add(1,3)
res1: Int = 4

scala> f(1)
res4: Int = 2

3 curry 柯里化

scala> def sum(a: Int, b: Int) = a + b
sum: (a: Int, b: Int)Int

scala> println(sum(2, 3))
5

// curry
scala> def sum2(a: Int)(b: Int) = a + b
sum2: (a: Int)(b: Int)Int

scala> println(sum2(2)(3))
5

4 高阶函数

1）map：逐个操作集合中的每个元素

scala> val l = List(1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8)
l: List[Int] = List(1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8)

scala> l.map(x => x + 1)
res7: List[Int] = List(2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9)

scala> l.map(x => x * 2)
res8: List[Int] = List(2, 6, 8, 10, 12, 12, 14, 16)

scala> l.map(_ * 3)
res9: List[Int] = List(3, 9, 12, 15, 18, 18, 21, 24)

2）filter

scala> l.map(_ * 2).filter(_ > 8)
res10: List[Int] = List(10, 12, 12, 14, 16)

3）reduce

// 两两相加
scala> l.reduce(_ + _)
res11: Int = 40

// 两两相减
scala> l.reduceLeft(_ - _)
res12: Int = -38

// 从右往左两两相减 1-(3-(4-(5-(6-(7-8)))))
scala> l.reduceRight(_ - _)
res13: Int = -4

4）fold

0-1-3-4-5-6-6-7-8
scala> l.fold(0)(_ - _)
res14: Int = -40

5）flatten

scala> val L = List(List(1, 2), List(3, 4), List(5, 6))
L: List[List[Int]] = List(List(1, 2), List(3, 4), List(5, 6))

scala> L.flatten
res15: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

6）flatmap

scala> L.map(_.map(_ * 2))
res16: List[List[Int]] = List(List(2, 4), List(6, 8), List(10, 12))

scala> L.flatMap(_.map(_ * 2))
res17: List[Int] = List(2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12)

scala> L.flatMap(x=>x)
res18: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

wordcount实现

  val lines = List("hello tom hello jerry", "hello tom hello kitty hello china")
  val wc = lines.flatMap(_.split(" ")).map((_, 1)).groupBy(_._1).map(t => (t._1, t._2.size)).toList.sortBy(_._2).reverse
  val wc2 = lines.flatMap(_.split(" ")).map((_, 1)).groupBy(_._1).mapValues(_.size)
  val wc3 = lines.flatMap(_.split(" ")).map((_, 1)).groupBy(_._1).mapValues(_.foldLeft(0)(_ + _._2))

 

5 偏函数

Scala 偏应用函数是一种表达式，你不需要提供函数需要的所有参数，只需要提供部分，或不提供所需参数。

def hello(name: String, message: String): Unit = {
    println(s"hello, $name, $message")
  }

  val name = "lisi"

  hello(name, "good day")
  hello(name, "nice day")

  println("=================")

  // 偏函数：绑定name，_替换message，每次message不同
  val helloWithName = hello(name, _: String)

  helloWithName("good day")
  helloWithName("nice day")

// 结果
hello, lisi, good day
hello, lisi, nice day
=================
hello, lisi, good day
hello, lisi, nice day