CentOS部署Docker环境

CentOS部署Docker环境

操作系统版本：CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
Docker版本：Docker version 20.10.12, build e91ed57

操作系统下载链接：http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/centos/7.9.2009/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-2009.iso

Docker容器的一生

Docker容器的安装步骤

安装docker

sudo curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | bash -s docker --mirror Aliyun

启动Docker

sudo systemctl start docker

设置开机自启Docker

sudo systemctl enable docker

确认Docker安装完成

sudo docker info

搜索Docker容器镜像

sudo docker search imagename

比如搜索centos容器镜像

sudo docker search centos

[user@localhost ~]$ sudo docker search centos
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
centos                            The official build of CentOS.                   6983      [OK]

可以通过访问镜像仓库查找容器镜像
https://hub.docker.com/

比如搜索centos容器镜像

点击容器镜像后默认查看容器镜像的Description

通常官方发布的容器镜像比较小，可以通过点击容器镜像的Tags查看大小

拉取容器镜像至本地

sudo docker pull imagename

拉取centos容器镜像至本地

sudo docker pull centos

查看本地Docker容器镜像状态

sudo docker images

[user@localhost ~]$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   2 months ago   231MB

创建并启动Docker容器

sudo docker run -it -id centos /bin/bash

[user@localhost ~]$ sudo docker run -it -id centos /bin/bash
20b73c60100c88ac86af9f4fd2cc183ca8f4b6c0af08b3776b865906088df382

若已经创建完成,仅启动Docker容器

sudo docker ps

[user@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
20b73c60100c   centos    "/bin/bash"   3 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes             stupefied_mirzakhani

启动Docker容器

sudo docker start 20b73c60100c

[user@localhost ~]$ sudo docker start 20b73c60100c
20b73c60100c

在创建并启动容器的同时映射端口并指定名称

sudo docker run --name centos -p2022:22 -it -id centos /bin/bash

查看Docker容器日志

sudo docker logs centos

查看Docker容器状态，查看Docker容器ID，容器的启动、暂停、停止、删除等操作均会以Docker ID作为标识，如果同类容器仅有一个，也可在创建容器的时候对其进行命名

sudo docker ps

[user@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
20b73c60100c   centos    "/bin/bash"   3 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes             stupefied_mirzakhani

sudo docker exec -it 20b73c60100c /bin/bash

[user@localhost ~]$ sudo docker exec -it 20b73c60100c /bin/bash
[root@20b73c60100c /]#
[root@20b73c60100c /]# exit
exit
[user@localhost ~]$

关闭Docker容器

sudo docker stop 20b73c60100c

sudo docker ps

没有看到相应的容器ID则表示已不在运行状态

Docker容器和镜像的删除

删除Docker容器

sudo docker rm 20b73c60100c

确认是否成功删除Docker容器

sudo docker ps -a

没有看到相应的容器ID则已成功删除

查看本地Docker容器镜像状态

sudo docker images

[user@localhost ~]$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   2 months ago   231MB

删除Docker容器镜像

sudo docker rmi centos

[user@localhost ~]$ sudo docker rmi centos
Untagged: centos:latest
Untagged: centos@sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Deleted: sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6
Deleted: sha256:74ddd0ec08fa43d09f32636ba91a0a3053b02cb4627c35051aff89f853606b59

[user@localhost ~]$ sudo docker rmi 5d0da3dc9764
Untagged: centos:latest
Untagged: centos@sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Deleted: sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6
Deleted: sha256:74ddd0ec08fa43d09f32636ba91a0a3053b02cb4627c35051aff89f853606b59

Docker其他命令

保持Docker容器状态

暂停Docker容器状态

sudo docker pause centos

暂时中恢复Docker状态

sudo docker unpause centos

配置开机自启Docker容器

docker update centos--restart=always

查看Docker容器进程状态

sudo docker top centos

Docker容器快照

查看Docker容器

sudo docker ps

导出Docker容器快照到centos.tar

sudo docker export -o centos.tar centos

导入Docker容器快照centos.tar

sudo docker import centos.tar centos

Docker容器镜像快照

查看Docker容器镜像

sudo docker images

保存Docker容器镜像快照

sudo docker save -o centos.tar centos.latest

加载Docker容器镜像快照

sudo docker load < centos.tar

参考链接：
https://www.csdn.net/tags/Mtzakg5sMDE5NDgtYmxvZwO0O0OO0O0O.html