python deque 双端队列模块

参考：官网文档

'''
Deque 模块是python 标准库collections中的一项，它提供了两端都可以操作的队列，意味着，你可以在序列前后执行添加或者删除；
'''


from collections import deque
d = deque('ghi')                 # make a new deque with three items
for elem in d:                   # iterate over the deque's elements
 print(elem.upper())


d.append('j')                    # add a new entry to the right side
d.appendleft('f')                # add a new entry to the left side
                                # show the representation of the deque
deque(['f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j'])

d.pop()                          # return and remove the rightmost item
# 'j'
d.popleft()                      # return and remove the leftmost item
# 'f'
list(d)                          # list the contents of the deque
# ['g', 'h', 'i']
# d[0]                             # peek at leftmost item
# 'g'
# d[-1]                            # peek at rightmost item
# 'i'

list(reversed(d))                # list the contents of a deque in reverse
# ['i', 'h', 'g']
# 'h' in d                         # search the deque
# True
d.extend('jkl')                  # add multiple elements at once
# d
deque(['g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l'])
d.rotate(1)                      # right rotation
# d
deque(['l', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k'])
d.rotate(-1)                     # left rotation
# d
deque(['g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l'])

deque(reversed(d))               # make a new deque in reverse order
deque(['l', 'k', 'j', 'i', 'h', 'g'])
d.clear()                        # empty the deque
d.pop()                          # cannot pop from an empty deque
# Traceback (most recent call last):
#     File "<pyshell#6>", line 1, in -toplevel-
#         d.pop()
# IndexError: pop from an empty deque

d.extendleft('abc')              # extendleft() reverses the input order
# d
deque(['c', 'b', 'a'])