centos6磁盘分区详细步骤

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-11 17:27:53 发布

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分类专栏： linux基础

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环境说明

vmware虚拟机

操作系统

# lsb_release -a
LSB Version:    :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description:    CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
Release:        6.5
Codename:       Final

查看磁盘

一、df命令查看磁盘分区情况

# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3        18G  5.5G   12G  33% /
tmpfs           936M  224K  936M   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1       194M   34M  151M  19% /boot
/dev/sr0        4.2G  4.2G     0 100% /media/CentOS_6.5_Final

解释下输出的第一行中某些字段的含义：

文件系统	容量	已用	可用	挂载点
代表磁盘的分区和内存中的某一个区域。	磁盘总共的容量	磁盘已经使用的容量	磁盘未使用的容量	该文件系统挂载在哪一个目录下

使用iT参数，查看 inodes号和文件类型可man查看参数

# df -iT 
Filesystem     Type     Inodes  IUsed  IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/sda3      ext4    1166880 248576 918304   22% /
tmpfs          tmpfs    239440      5 239435    1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1      ext4      51200     39  51161    1% /boot
/dev/sr0       iso9660       0      0      0     - /media/CentOS_6.5_Final

二、利用du命令查询当前目录下的所有目录/文件所占的容量

显示目录或者文件所占空间：

# du
16      ./triWeb/templates
84      ./triWeb
28      ./article
32      ./pyweb
152     .

只显示当前目录下面的子目录的目录大小和当前目录的总的大小，最下面的152为当前目录的总大小

查看指定文件所占空间：

[root@cj pyweb]# du -b views.py 
26      views.py

显示多个文件所占空间：

[root@cj triWeb]# du view.py urls.py
4       view.py
4       urls.py

查看指定目录的所占空间：

[root@cj django]# du -h django/ 
16K     django/triWeb/templates
84K     django/triWeb
28K     django/article
32K     django/pyweb
152K    django/

只显示总和的大小:

[root@cj django]# du -sh
152K

三、dumpe2fs查看分区的具体使用情况

Filesystem state:         clean             
Errors behavior:          Continue
Filesystem OS type:       Linux
Inode count:              51200
Block count:              204800
Reserved block count:     10240
Free blocks:              163923
Free inodes:              51161
First block:              1
Block size:               1024
Fragment size:            1024
Reserved GDT blocks:      256
Blocks per group:         8192
Fragments per group:      8192
Inodes per group:         2048
Inode blocks per group:   256
Flex block group size:    16
Filesystem created:       Mon Jul  3 23:36:10 2017

磁盘的分区–命令fdisk

为了测试分区，给虚拟机增加一块硬盘

[root@cj django]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3        18G  5.5G   12G  33% /
tmpfs           936M  224K  936M   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1       194M   34M  151M  19% /boot
/dev/sr0        4.2G  4.2G     0 100% /media/CentOS_6.5_Final
[root@cj django]# dumpe2fs /dev/sda1
dumpe2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem volume name:   <none>
Last mounted on:          /boot
Filesystem UUID:          af3030df-64ee-4996-8101-dcc0cbf0171d
Filesystem magic number:  0xEF53
Filesystem revision #:    1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features:      has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags:         signed_directory_hash 
Default mount options:    user_xattr acl
Filesystem state:         clean             
Errors behavior:          Continue
Filesystem OS type:       Linux
Inode count:              51200
Block count:              204800
Reserved block count:     10240
Free blocks:              163923
Free inodes:              51161
First block:              1
Block size:               1024
Fragment size:            1024
Reserved GDT blocks:      256
Blocks per group:         8192
Fragments per group:      8192
Inodes per group:         2048
Inode blocks per group:   256
Flex block group size:    16
Filesystem created:       Mon Jul  3 23:36:10 2017

[root@cj django]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000bf882

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              26         287     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda3             287        2611    18668544   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

/dev/sdb就是新增的第二块硬盘，接下来演示如何分区

[root@cj django]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x0cab72a4.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m  //查看命令
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition  //删除分区
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): 
m  //查看命令
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition  //删除分区
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): 



Command (m for help): p   //显示分区信息

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0cab72a4

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
p   //显示分区信息

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0cab72a4

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System


Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-652, default 1): 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-652, default 652): 652   //或者用+size的方式 如+3G

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0cab72a4

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         652     5237158+  83  Linux
n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-652, default 1): 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-652, default 652): 652   //或者用+size的方式 如+3G

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0cab72a4

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         652     5237158+  83  Linux
Command (m for help): w //写入
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
 w //写入
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

w和q需要注意

w	q
此命令会使你的所有对磁盘的操作全部生效，如果不清楚自己所作所为的后果，此命令请慎用。	退出磁盘分区程序，之前所有的操作都无效，当然前提是你没有用w。

再次查看分区情况

[root@cj django]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000bf882

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              26         287     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda3             287        2611    18668544   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0cab72a4

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         652     5237158+  83  Linux

将分好的磁盘格式化

选择一种文件格式将新建的分区初始化，是为了让Linux能够识别这个分区里面的文件。所谓的文件格式就是，磁盘的文件是按照怎样的一种形式组织起来，之前提到的文件由两部分组成的，比如inode，block等，就是Linux的所能够识别的文件格式的一种。

格式化的命令 - mkfs

mkfs -t 文件格式设备文件名

mkfs.ext4 设备文件名

[root@cj django]# mkfs.
mkfs.cramfs   mkfs.ext2     mkfs.ext3     mkfs.ext4     mkfs.ext4dev  mkfs.msdos    mkfs.vfat     
[root@cj django]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1309289 blocks
65464 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override

挂载/卸载磁盘

这里我打算把sdb1挂载到“/data”这个目录，这个目录是不存在的，所以要创建。

挂载的命令是mount，命令有点复杂，自行man。

mount 设备文件名挂载点

[root@cj django]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data
[root@cj django]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3        18G  5.5G   12G  33% /
tmpfs           936M  224K  936M   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1       194M   34M  151M  19% /boot
/dev/sr0        4.2G  4.2G     0 100% /media/CentOS_6.5_Final
/dev/sdb1       5.0G  138M  4.6G   3% /data

注意命令：mount <设备名称> <挂载的目录>
弄完了用df查看一下，看最后一行的/mnt/sda5，是不是成功了！

以下几点要注意：

挂载的目录必须为空，否则目录里面的数据会被隐藏，直到设备被卸载才会显现。
挂载的目录每次只能挂载一个设备。
同一个设备每次只能挂载到一个目录。

卸载

命令：umount <设备名字/挂载点>

[root@cj django]# umount /dev/sr0 
[root@cj django]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3        18G  5.5G   12G  33% /
tmpfs           936M  224K  936M   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1       194M   34M  151M  19% /boot
/dev/sdb1       5.0G  138M  4.6G   3% /data

检查磁盘是否有问题

命令 fsck

内容略，后续补充。

开机挂载

一般情况下，如果你再次开机，就会发现之前已经挂载的磁盘必须手动再次挂载一次，不信可以用df命令查看一下。

为了开机自动挂载磁盘，只需要配置一下 /etc/fstab文件即可。

查询UUID号码

[root@cj django]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="7b8a81fb-ea9c-4963-b7dd-b9f98a85d002" TYPE="ext4"

修改/etc/fstab文件

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Jul  3 23:43:48 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=84afdcda-5428-4018-8131-1f99beeb73be /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=af3030df-64ee-4996-8101-dcc0cbf0171d /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=4133fb7b-8ead-43a8-9b3d-8e6fdc4ad795 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
UUID=7b8a81fb-ea9c-4963-b7dd-b9f98a85d002 /data                   ext4    defaults        0 0
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
UUID=7b8a81fb-ea9c-4963-b7dd-b9f98a85d002 /data                   ext4    defaults        0 0
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0

字段解释：

file system	mount point	type	options	dump	pass
设备名称。磁盘号的UUID	挂载点	分区类型.linux分区一般为ext4。	挂载参数。一般为defaults。常用参数如下： auto：开机自动挂载。 default：按照大多数永久文件系统的缺省值设置挂载定义。 noauto：开机不自动挂载。 nouser：只有超级用户可以挂载。 ro：按只读权限挂载。 rw：按可读可写权限挂载。 user：任何用户都可以挂载。	磁盘备份。默认为0，表示不备份。	磁盘检查。默认为0，表示不检查。

至此分区完成

ps :本文目的在于记录自己的学习过程，以便后续回顾，参考如下博客，如侵犯版权请联系我，谢谢！

http://blog.csdn.net/phoenix_wang_cheng/article/details/52743821#t0

翻滚吧阿俊~~

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centos6磁盘分区详细步骤

环境说明vmware虚拟机操作系统# lsb_release -aLSB Version: :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarchDi...
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