python基础7_1-静态方法、类方法、属性方法

1、静态方法

• 通过@staticmethod装饰器即可把其装饰的方法变为一个静态方法;
• 实际上和类没什么关系，唯一的关联就是需要通过类来调用;
• 在名义上面归类管理，实际上在静态方法里面访问不了类或实例中的任何属性

# Author: Mr.Xue
# 2019.10.29

class Dog(object):
	"""this is a class: Dog"""
	def __init__(self, name):
		self.name = name
		
	@staticmethod # 静态方法	
	def eat(self, food):
		#2. 在eat方法中去掉self参数，但这也意味着，在eat中不能通过self.调用实例中的其它变量了
		print("%s is eating %s" % (self.name, food))	
		
#1. 调用时主动传递实例本身给eat方法
d.eat(d, 'baozi') #与类无关，所以调用时传入对象本身

2、类方法

类方法通过@classmethod装饰器实现，类方法和普通方法的区别是， 类方法只能访问类变量，不能访问实例变量

# Author: Mr.Xue
# 2019.10.29

class Dog(object):
	name = 'huazai' # 类变量
	def __init__(self, name):
		self.name = name # self.name: 实例变量
		
	@classmethod	
	def eat(self):
		print("%s is eating" % self.name)	


d = Dog("Bob")
d.eat()

程序结果输出"huazai is eating"，而非"Bob is eating"

场景：国籍，不允许改国籍之类的

3、属性方法

属性方法通过@property装饰器实现，把一个方法变成一个静态属性

# Author: Mr.Xue
# 2019.10.29

class Dog(object):
	
	def __init__(self, name):
		self.name = name
		self.__food = None
		
	@property	# 属性方法
	def eat(self):
		print("%s is eating %s" % (self.name, self.__food))	
		
	@eat.setter	# 属性方法中的set
	def	eat(self, food):
		print("set to food: ", food)
		self.__food = food
	
	@eat.deleter # 属性方法中的delete
	def eat(self):
		del self.__food
		print('delete ok')
		
d = Dog("Bob")
d.eat # 调用属性方法，给用户呈现的效果就像调用变量一样
d.eat = 'baozi' # 调用属性方法中的set
d.eat
del d.eat # 调用属性方法中的delete
d.eat

输出结果为：

Bob is eating None
set to food:  baozi
Bob is eating baozi
delete ok
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "property_method.py", line 29, in <module>
    d.eat
  File "property_method.py", line 12, in eat
    print("%s is eating %s" % (self.name, self.__food))	
AttributeError: 'Dog' object has no attribute '_Dog__food'

示例：航空公司航班信息查询

# Author: Mr.Xue
# 2019.10.29

class Flight(object):
	def __init__(self, flight_name):
		self.flight_name = flight_name
		
	def check_status(self):
		print("checking flight %s status" % self.flight_name)
		return 1
		
	@property
	def flight_status(self):
		status = self.check_status()
		if status == 0:
			print('0')
		elif status == 1:
			print('1')
		else:
			print('error')
			
f = Flight('A847')
f.flight_status