定义:
线程执行读取操作时,实例的状态不会发生改变,所以多个线程可以同时读取。线程执行写取操作时,实例的状态可能会发生改变,所以多个线程不可以同时写入。
引例
名字 | 说明 |
main | 测试行为的类 |
data | 可以读写的类 |
writerthread | 写入线程 |
readthread | 读取线程 |
readwritelock | 提供读写锁 |
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data data = new Data(10);
new ReaderThread(data).start();
new ReaderThread(data).start();
new ReaderThread(data).start();
new ReaderThread(data).start();
new ReaderThread(data).start();
new ReaderThread(data).start();
new WriterThread(data, "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ").start();
new WriterThread(data, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz").start();
}
}
public class Data {
private final char[] buffer;
private final ReadWriteLock lock = new ReadWriteLock();
public Data(int size) {
this.buffer = new char[size];
for (int i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {
buffer[i] = '*';
}
}
public char[] read() throws InterruptedException {
lock.readLock();
try {
return doRead();
} finally {
lock.readUnlock();
}
}
public void write(char c) throws InterruptedException {
lock.writeLock();
try {
doWrite(c);
} finally {
lock.writeUnlock();
}
}
private char[] doRead() {
char[] newbuf = new char[buffer.length];
for (int i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {
newbuf[i] = buffer[i];
}
slowly();
return newbuf;
}
private void doWrite(char c) {
for (int i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {
buffer[i] = c;
slowly();
}
}
private void slowly() {
try {
Thread.sleep(50);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
}
public class WriterThread extends Thread {
private static final Random random = new Random();
private final Data data;
private final String filler;
private int index = 0;
public WriterThread(Data data, String filler) {
this.data = data;
this.filler = filler;
}
public void run() {
try {
while (true) {
char c = nextchar();
data.write(c);
Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(3000));
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
private char nextchar() {
char c = filler.charAt(index);
index++;
if (index >= filler.length()) {
index = 0;
}
return c;
}
}
public class ReaderThread extends Thread {
private final Data data;
public ReaderThread(Data data) {
this.data = data;
}
public void run() {
try {
while (true) {
char[] readbuf = data.read();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " reads " + String.valueOf(readbuf));
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
}
public final class ReadWriteLock {
private int readingReaders = 0; // (A)...实际正在读取的执行绪数量
private int waitingWriters = 0; // (B)...正在等待写入的执行绪数量
private int writingWriters = 0; // (C)...实际正在写入的执行绪数量
private boolean preferWriter = true; // 写入优先的话,值为true
public synchronized void readLock() throws InterruptedException {
while (writingWriters > 0 || (preferWriter && waitingWriters > 0)) {
wait();
}
readingReaders++; // (A)实际正在读取的线程数量加1
}
public synchronized void readUnlock() {
readingReaders--; // (A)实际正在读取的线程数量减1
preferWriter = true;
notifyAll();
}
public synchronized void writeLock() throws InterruptedException {
waitingWriters++; // (B)正在等待写入的线程数量加1
try {
while (readingReaders > 0 || writingWriters > 0) {
wait();
}
} finally {
waitingWriters--; // (B)正在等待写入的线程数量减1
}
writingWriters++; // (C)实际正在写入的线程数量加1
}
public synchronized void writeUnlock() {
writingWriters--; // (C)实际正在写入的线程数量减
preferWriter = false;
notifyAll();
}
}
Read-Write Lock模式角色
reader:读者
writer:写者
sharedresource:共享资源
readwritelock:读写锁
何时使用Read-Write Lock模式
1.适合读取操作繁重时
2.读取频率比写入频率高时