Fragment用于在一个activity中描述一些行为或界面,可以在多个activity中重用fragment
Fragment生命周期
受到所在的activity的生命周期影响
运行过程
添加Fragment->onAttach()->onCreate()->^onCreateView->onActivityCreated->onStart->onResume->运行状态->
1、用户返回或Fragment被移除或替换->onPause->暂停状态->onStop->停止状态->onDestoryView->onDestory->onDetach->销毁状态
2、Fragment被添加到返回栈然后被移除/替换->onPause->暂停状态->onStop->停止状态->onDestoryView->^
创建Fragment
1、创建Fragment的子类,也可以让其继承自一个已经存在的Fragment子类
2、重写onCreateView方法,用于指定要显示的界面
3、在Activity中添加Fragment
a)直接在布局文件中添加Fragment
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<fragment
android:id="@+id/fragment"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:name="com.example.fragment1.ListFragment"/>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="200dp"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imgbnt1"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="150dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:src="@mipmap/img1"/>
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imgbnt2"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="150dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:src="@mipmap/img2"/>
</LinearLayout>
</RelativeLayout>
b)当Activity运行时添加Fragment
4、实现fragment的切换
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
ImageView imageView1 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imgbnt1);
ImageView imageView2 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imgbnt2);
imageView1.setOnClickListener(l);//添加监听器
imageView2.setOnClickListener(l);
}
View.OnClickListener l = new View.OnClickListener() {//单击事件监听器
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();//获取Fragment的Transaction实例
Fragment f = null;
switch (v.getId()){
case R.id.imgbnt1:
f = new ListFragment();//如果单击1,就创建对应的fragment
break;
case R.id.imgbnt2:
f = new DetailFragment();
break;
default:
break;
}
ft.replace(R.id.fragment,f);//替换每次所显示的fragment
ft.commit();
}
};
}