更换头像的简易实现_拍摄显示，从相册选择

转载请注明出处（万分感谢！）： 

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40790006/article/details/79963508

清单文件注册：

<!--配置内容提供者,注意：authorities，uri的权限-->
<provider
    android:authorities="com.example.f405.cameraphotoalbum"
    android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
    android:grantUriPermissions="true">
    <meta-data
        android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
        android:resource="@xml/filepaths"/>
    </provider>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths>
    <!--path,。，代表共用-->
    <root-path
        name="root_path"
        path="." />
    <external-path name="my_imgs" path = ""/>
    </paths>

子项文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
<TextView
    android:id="@+id/tv_takePhoto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    android:layout_weight="1"
    android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:text="拍摄照片"/>
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_album"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="从相册选取"/>
</LinearLayout>

XML文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.example.f405.cameraphotoalbum.ChangeTheAvatarActivity">
    <ImageButton
        android:id="@+id/ib_HeadPortrait"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:src="@mipmap/v"/>
</LinearLayout>

Main文件：

package com.example.f405.cameraphotoalbum;

import android.Manifest;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.provider.DocumentsContract;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.annotation.RequiresApi;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.FileProvider;
import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageButton;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;

/* todo Constant expression required ,switch,必须是常量，不变;解决，+final
    注意内容提供者的配置；版本问题——文件权限，uri的解析
*/
public class ChangeTheAvatarActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private ImageButton ib_headPortrait;
    // activity请求码
     final int TAKE_PHOTO= 1;
     final int SELECT_ALBUM= 2;
    // 权限请求码
    final int REQUEST_PERMISSION= 3;

    private File file;
    private Uri pathUri;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_change_the_avatar);
        // 初始化控件
        initView();
    }

    private void initView() {

        ib_headPortrait = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.ib_HeadPortrait);
        //
        ib_headPortrait.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // 弹出对话框，用户选择
                createSelectDialog();
            }

        });
    }
    // todo 对话框
    private void createSelectDialog() {
       AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
        AlertDialog dialog = builder.create();
        // 子布局——父布局
        View view = View.inflate(this,R.layout.item_select,null);
        TextView tv_takePhoto = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_takePhoto);
        TextView tv_album = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_album);
        // 监听事件
        tv_takePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // 拍照
                takePhoto();
            }

        });
        tv_album.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // 相册选择照片
                selectAlbum();
            }

        });
        // dialog添加布局文件
        dialog.setView(view);
        dialog.show();
    }

    // todo 照相
    private void takePhoto() {
        // 文件存储路径
        Uri filePath = saveFile();
        Intent take = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
        take.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,filePath);
        startActivityForResult(take,TAKE_PHOTO);
    }
    // 返回类型，uri
    private Uri saveFile() {
        try {
            // 存储位置
            file = new File(getExternalCacheDir(),System.currentTimeMillis()+"jasmine.png");
            file.createNewFile();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 判断版本，对应的uri
        if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24){
            // 内容提供者，要注册
            pathUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(this,"com.example.f405.cameraphotoalbum",file);
        }else {
            pathUri = Uri.fromFile(file);
        }
        return pathUri;
    }

    // 活动请求的回调
    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        // 判断请求码，相应的响应结果
        switch (requestCode){

            case TAKE_PHOTO:
                if (resultCode == RESULT_OK){
                    try {
                        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(pathUri));
                        ib_headPortrait.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                break;

            case SELECT_ALBUM:
                if(resultCode == RESULT_OK){
                    // 根据版本号，解析uri
                    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19){
                        handleWithKitKat(data);
                    }else {
                        handleWithBeforeKitKat(data);
                    }
                }
                break;

        }
    }

    //  19 版本以后
    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)
    private void handleWithKitKat(Intent data) {
        String imagsPath = null;
        Uri uri = data.getData();
        //
        if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(this,uri)){
            String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);

            if ("com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())){
                // 解析出数字格式的id
                String id = docId.split(":")[1];
                String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID+"="+id;
                imagsPath = getImagePath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,selection);

            }else if ("com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())){
                Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"),Long.valueOf(docId));
                imagsPath = getImagePath(contentUri,null);

            }
        }
        else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())){
                imagsPath = getImagePath(uri,null);

            } else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())){
                imagsPath = uri.getPath();

        }
        // 根据图片路径，显示图片
        setImageWithAlbum(imagsPath);
    }

    // 19 版本以前，4,4
    private void handleWithBeforeKitKat(Intent data) {
        Uri uri = data.getData();
       String filePath =  getImagePath(uri,null);
        setImageWithAlbum(filePath);
    }

    private void setImageWithAlbum(String imagPath) {
        if (imagPath != null){
            Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagPath);
            ib_headPortrait.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
        }else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "failed to get imags", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    private String getImagePath(Uri uri, String selection) {
        String path = null;
        // 通过uri,selection,确定真实路径
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri,null,selection,null ,null);
        if (cursor != null){
            if (cursor.moveToFirst()){
                path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
            }
            cursor.close();
        }
        return path;
    }



    // todo 相册选择照片
    private void selectAlbum() {
        // 权限判断
        judgePermission();

    }

    // 权限判断
    private void judgePermission() {
        // 判断权限
       if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
           // 申请权限
           ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},REQUEST_PERMISSION);
       }else {
           album();
       }
    }

    // 请求权限的回调
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        switch (requestCode){
            case REQUEST_PERMISSION:
                // 判断是否赋予权限
                if (grantResults.length >0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                    album();
                }
                break;
        }
    }
    // 打开相册
    private void album() {
        Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT");
        intent.setType("image/*");
        startActivityForResult(intent,SELECT_ALBUM);
    }
}