nginx 的平滑升级

nginx的热部署（平滑升级）

•  原理：

• Ngnix中的进程分为两类，一类是master进程（主进程），一类是worker进程（工作进程）。

• 原理就是首先我们先会替换master进程，同时我们替换的master是与老版本的worker兼容的。下一步，就是保持还有连接的worker进程，待其老去退休，进行替换。

•  实验材料：
  准备两个不同版本的nginx的压缩包

• nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz

• nginx-1.15.8.tar.gz

具体操作步骤：

一、首先要配置一个1.14.2版本的nginx

1.安装需要的依赖工具

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 <span style="color:#ac9739">~</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span># yum install gcc pcre<span style="color:#ac9739">-</span>devel zlib<span style="color:#ac9739">-</span>devel <span style="color:#ac9739">-</span>y
</code></span>

 

2.解压

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 <span style="color:#ac9739">~</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span># tar zxf nginx<span style="color:#ac9739">-</span><span style="color:#ac9739">1.14</span><span style="color:#ac9739">.2</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span>tar<span style="color:#999999">.</span>gz 
</code></span>

 

3.关闭debug日至

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 <span style="color:#ac9739">~</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span># cd nginx<span style="color:#ac9739">-</span><span style="color:#ac9739">1.14</span><span style="color:#ac9739">.2</span>
<span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 nginx<span style="color:#ac9739">-</span><span style="color:#ac9739">1.14</span><span style="color:#ac9739">.2</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span># vim auto<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>cc<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>gcc  
<span style="color:#ac9739">171</span> # debug
<span style="color:#ac9739">172</span> #<span style="color:#ac9739">CFLAGS</span><span style="color:#ac9739">=</span><span style="color:#ac9739">"$CFLAGS -g"</span>      ##注释掉（关闭debug日至）
</code></span>

 

4.这里我们先不用隐藏版本号，方便最后查看实验效果

5.进入解压目录，进行编译安装

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 nginx<span style="color:#ac9739">-</span><span style="color:#ac9739">1.14</span><span style="color:#ac9739">.2</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span># <span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>configure <span style="color:#ac9739">--</span>prefix<span style="color:#ac9739">=</span><span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>usr<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>local<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>nginx
<span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 nginx<span style="color:#ac9739">-</span><span style="color:#ac9739">1.14</span><span style="color:#ac9739">.2</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span># make
<span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 nginx<span style="color:#ac9739">-</span><span style="color:#ac9739">1.14</span><span style="color:#ac9739">.2</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span># make install
</code></span>

 

 

二、如何升级为高版本？

1.解压高版本的nginx压缩包

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 <span style="color:#ac9739">~</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span># tar zxf nginx<span style="color:#ac9739">-</span><span style="color:#ac9739">1.15</span><span style="color:#ac9739">.8</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span>tar<span style="color:#999999">.</span>gz 
</code></span>

2.同样要关不debug日志

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 <span style="color:#ac9739">~</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span># cd nginx<span style="color:#ac9739">-</span><span style="color:#ac9739">1.15</span><span style="color:#ac9739">.8</span>
<span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 nginx<span style="color:#ac9739">-</span><span style="color:#ac9739">1.15</span><span style="color:#ac9739">.8</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span># vim auto<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>cc<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>gcc 
<span style="color:#ac9739">171</span> # debug
<span style="color:#ac9739">172</span> #<span style="color:#ac9739">CFLAGS</span><span style="color:#ac9739">=</span><span style="color:#ac9739">"$CFLAGS -g"</span>      ##注释掉（关闭debug日至）
</code></span>

 

3.进入新版本的解压目录，进行编译

- 注意：不要make install，会导致原先的主程失控

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 nginx<span style="color:#ac9739">-</span><span style="color:#ac9739">1.15</span><span style="color:#ac9739">.8</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span># <span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>configure <span style="color:#ac9739">--</span>prefix<span style="color:#ac9739">=</span><span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>usr<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>local<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>nginx<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>
<span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 nginx<span style="color:#ac9739">-</span><span style="color:#ac9739">1.15</span><span style="color:#ac9739">.8</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span># make
</code></span>

 

4.将原来的二进制系统程序文件备份一下，以防新升级后的nginx出问题可以方便恢复

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 <span style="color:#ac9739">~</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span># cd <span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>usr<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>local<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>nginx<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>sbin<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>
<span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 sbin<span style="color:#999999">]</span># ls
nginx
<span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 sbin<span style="color:#999999">]</span># cp nginx nginx<span style="color:#999999">.</span>old   
</code></span>

 

5.替换二进制文件

新版本通过编译之后，源码包里的objs目录里便有了新的nginx文件，替换原来的nginx二进制文件

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 <span style="color:#ac9739">~</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span># cd nginx<span style="color:#ac9739">-</span><span style="color:#ac9739">1.15</span><span style="color:#ac9739">.8</span>
<span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 nginx<span style="color:#ac9739">-</span><span style="color:#ac9739">1.15</span><span style="color:#ac9739">.8</span><span style="color:#999999">]</span># cd objs<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>
<span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 objs<span style="color:#999999">]</span># cp <span style="color:#ac9739">-</span>f nginx <span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>usr<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>local<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>nginx<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>sbin<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>nginx  
cp<span style="color:#999999">:</span> overwrite ‘<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>usr<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>local<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>nginx<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>sbin<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>nginx’<span style="color:#ac9739">?</span> y

##<span style="color:#ac9739">-</span>f 强制，如果不加<span style="color:#ac9739">-</span>f，原来的nginx仍在运行，就不会覆盖
</code></span>

 

 

6. 进行平滑升级

• -HUP 平滑启动（相当于reload）
• -USR2 平滑升级可执行程序，主要用在版本升级
• -WINCH 从容关闭工作进程
• -USR1 重新打开日志文件，主要用在日志切割（相当于reopen）
  （1）kill -USR2 旧版本主进程号
• 执行新的主进程（新版本）和新的工作进程，依次启动新的主进程和新的工作进程，现在新，旧版本的nginx实例会同时运行，共同处理请求
  
  
  （2）kill -WINCH 旧版本主进程号
• 发送WINCH信号给旧版主进程，旧版主进程就开始从容关闭
  

（3）再查看版本号， 就平滑升级成了新的版本

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 objs<span style="color:#999999">]</span># <span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>usr<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>local<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>nginx<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>sbin<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>nginx <span style="color:#ac9739">-</span>v
</code></span>

 

三、如果升级后的有问题，如何恢复？

1.将原来备份好旧版本的二进制文件的再复制回去

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 objs<span style="color:#999999">]</span># cd <span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>usr<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>local<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>nginx<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>sbin<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>
<span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 sbin<span style="color:#999999">]</span># ls
nginx  nginx<span style="color:#999999">.</span>old
<span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 sbin<span style="color:#999999">]</span># cp nginx<span style="color:#999999">.</span>old nginx <span style="color:#ac9739">-</span>f 
cp<span style="color:#999999">:</span> overwrite ‘nginx’<span style="color:#ac9739">?</span> y
</code></span>

 

2.kill -HUP 旧版本的主进程号

• nginx将在不重载配置文件的情况下启动旧版的worker进程
  

 

3.kill -USR2 新版本的主进程号

• 依次启动新的主进程（旧版本）和新的工作进程，现在两个版本的nginx实例会同时运行，共同处理请求
  

 

4.kill -WINCH 新版本主进程号

• 发送WINCH信号给新版主进程，新版主进程就开始从容关闭

 

5.再查看版本号， 恢复成了旧版本

<span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#999999">[</span>root@server1 sbin# <span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>usr<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>local<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>nginx<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>sbin<span style="color:#ac9739">/</span>nginx <span style="color:#ac9739">-</span>v
</code></span>