从零开始学Node.js(八)：利用http/url/path/fs模块创建静态web服务器
Node.js创建的第一个应用（简单web服务器）
详见从零开始学Node.js(二)。
Node.js创建一个WEB服务器
这一节，我们要创建的服务器需要提供访问服务器上面的网站的功能，同时需要可以让我们下载web服务器上面的文件。其实我们之前就接触过web服务器，比如主流的web服务器Apache、Nginx等。
举个例子，来具体说明和解析我们要完成的功能。
-
输入请求的url，如
http://127.0.0.1:8081/index.html，那么就应该访问到index.html。 -
其中index.html放在服务器上的某个文件夹中，我们需要根据url，通过fs模块读取对应的文件。
-
读取完文件之后，要响应给用户，为了让图片资源、json、css等等资源都可以正常显示，那么我们必须要设置正确的mime才可以。文件应很多种类型，对应的mime也不同，为此，我们需要根据请求路径的后缀名extname到站点下的mime.json文件中去寻找对应的响应表达。这个处理过程我们封装成一个common模块来完成。在这个模块中，我们写了两种不同的方式。
-
如果我们什么都不输入，仅仅是访问
http://127.0.0.1:8081/，那么你会发现显示该页面不存在的信息，然而，这是不合理的，默认这种情况应该显示index主页，所以我们需要对获取到的url后缀名进行一个判断。pathname=pathname=='/'?'/index.html':pathname;
app.js中主要有对url的解析和处理请求的过程，其中用到的模块需要用require引入。项目的整体结构如下所示。
![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-hP1JeQmt-1587200431772)(C:\Users\NayelyA\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20200418154234983.png)]](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200418170143828.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MDk5Mjk4Mg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
app.js：
const http = require('http');
const fs=require('fs');
const common=require('./module/common');
const path=require('path');
const url=require('url');
http.createServer(function (request, response) {
//获取地址 比如 '/index.html'
let pathname=url.parse(request.url).pathname;
pathname=pathname=='/'?'/index.html':pathname;
//获取后缀名 比如.html
let extname=path.extname(pathname);
//通过fs模块读取文件
if(pathname!='/favicom.ico'){
fs.readFile('./static'+pathname,async (err,data)=>{
if(err){
response.writeHead(404,{'Content-Type': 'text/html;charset="utf-8"'});
response.end("该页面不存在");
}
let mime=await common.getFileMime(extname);
response.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': ''+mime+';charset="utf-8"'});
response.end(data);
})
}
}).listen(8081);
console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:8081/');
common.js代码如下所示。
const fs=require('fs');
//这种方式不可取，仅仅能应对极少部分的格式，因此我们应该采用下面getFimeMime()的方式。
exports.getMime=function(extname){
switch(extname){
case '.html':return 'text/html';
case '.css':return 'text/css';
case '.js':return 'text/javascript';
default:
return 'text/html';
}
}
exports.getFileMime=function(extname){
return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{
fs.readFile('./data/mime.json',(err,data)=>{
if(err){
console.log(err);
return;
}
//读取出来的是16进制的buffer，所以需要toString一下。
let mimeObj=JSON.parse(data.toString());
resolve(mimeObj[extname]);
})
})
}
mime.json
{
".323": "text/h323",
".3gp": "video/3gpp",
".aab": "application/x-authoware-bin",
".aam": "application/x-authoware-map",
".aas": "application/x-authoware-seg",
".acx": "application/internet-property-stream",
".ai": "application/postscript",
".aif": "audio/x-aiff",
".aifc": "audio/x-aiff",
".aiff": "audio/x-aiff",
".als": "audio/X-Alpha5",
".amc": "application/x-mpeg",
".ani": "application/octet-stream",
".apk": "application/vnd.android.package-archive",
".asc": "text/plain",
".asd": "application/astound",
".asf": "video/x-ms-asf",
".asn": "application/astound",
".asp": "application/x-asap",
".asr": "video/x-ms-asf",
".asx": "video/x-ms-asf",
".au": "audio/basic",
".avb": "application/octet-stream",
".avi": "video/x-msvideo",
".awb": "audio/amr-wb",
".axs": "application/olescript",
".bas": "text/plain",
".bcpio": "application/x-bcpio",
".bin ": "application/octet-stream",
".bld": "application/bld",
".bld2": "application/bld2",
".bmp": "image/bmp",
".bpk": "application/octet-stream",
".bz2": "application/x-bzip2",
".c": "text/plain",
".cal": "image/x-cals",
".cat": "application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat",
".ccn": "application/x-cnc",
".cco": "application/x-cocoa",
".cdf": "application/x-cdf",
".cer": "application/x-x509-ca-cert",
".cgi": "magnus-internal/cgi",
".chat": "application/x-chat",
".class": "application/octet-stream",
".clp": "application/x-msclip",
".cmx": "image/x-cmx",
".co": "application/x-cult3d-object",
".cod": "image/cis-cod",
".conf": "text/plain",
".cpio": "application/x-cpio",
".cpp": "text/plain",
".cpt": "application/mac-compactpro",
".crd": "application/x-mscardfile",
".crl": "application/pkix-crl",
".crt": "application/x-x509-ca-cert",
".csh": "application/x-csh",
".csm": "chemical/x-csml",
".csml": "chemical/x-csml",
".css": "text/css",
".cur": "application/octet-stream",
".dcm": "x-lml/x-evm",
".dcr": "application/x-director",
".dcx": "image/x-dcx",
".der": "application/x-x509-ca-cert",
".dhtml": "text/html",
".dir": "application/x-director",
".dll": "application/x-msdownload",
".dmg": "application/octet-stream",
".dms": "application/octet-stream",
".doc": "application/msword",
".docx": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document",
".dot": "application/msword",
".dvi": "application/x-dvi",
".dwf": "drawing/x-dwf",
".dwg": "application/x-autocad",
".dxf": "application/x-autocad",
".dxr": "application/x-director",
".ebk": "application/x-expandedbook",
".emb": "chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide",
".embl": "chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide",
".eps": "application/postscript",
".epub": "application/epub+zip",
".eri": "image/x-eri",
".es": "audio/echospeech",
".esl": "audio/echospeech",
".etc": "application/x-earthtime",
".etx": "text/x-setext",
".evm": "x-lml/x-evm",
".evy": "application/envoy",
".exe": "application/octet-stream",
".fh4": "image/x-freehand",
".fh5": "image/x-freehand",
".fhc": "image/x-freehand",
".fif": "application/fractals",
".flr": "x-world/x-vrml",
".flv": "flv-application/octet-stream",
".fm": "application/x-maker",
".fpx": "image/x-fpx",
".fvi": "video/isivideo",
".gau": "chemical/x-gaussian-input",
".gca": "application/x-gca-compressed",
".gdb": "x-lml/x-gdb",
".gif": "image/gif",
".gps": "application/x-gps",
".gtar": "application/x-gtar",
".gz": "application/x-gzip",
".h": "text/plain",
".hdf": "application/x-hdf",
".hdm": "text/x-hdml",
".hdml": "text/x-hdml",
".hlp": "application/winhlp",
".hqx": "application/mac-binhex40",
".hta": "application/hta",
".htc": "text/x-component",
".htm": "text/html",
".html": "text/html",
".hts": "text/html",
".htt": "text/webviewhtml",
".ice": "x-conference/x-cooltalk",
".ico": "image/x-icon",
".ief": "image/ief",
".ifm": "image/gif",
".ifs": "image/ifs",
".iii": "application/x-iphone",
".imy": "audio/melody",
".ins": "application/x-internet-signup",
".ips": "application/x-ipscript",
".ipx": "application/x-ipix",
".isp": "application/x-internet-signup",
".it": "audio/x-mod",
".itz": "audio/x-mod",
".ivr": "i-world/i-vrml",
".j2k": "image/j2k",
".jad": "text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor",
".jam": "application/x-jam",
".jar": "application/java-archive",
".java": "text/plain",
".jfif": "image/pipeg",
".jnlp": "application/x-java-jnlp-file",
".jpe": "image/jpeg",
".jpeg": "image/jpeg",
".jpg": "image/jpeg",
".jpz": "image/jpeg",
".js": "application/x-javascript",
".jwc": "application/jwc",
".kjx": "application/x-kjx",
".lak": "x-lml/x-lak",
".latex": "application/x-latex",
".lcc": "application/fastman",
".lcl": "application/x-digitalloca",
".lcr": "application/x-digitalloca",
".lgh": "application/lgh",
".lha": "application/octet-stream",
".lml": "x-lml/x-lml",
".lmlpack": "x-lml/x-lmlpack",
".log": "text/plain",
".lsf": "video/x-la-asf",
".lsx": "video/x-la-asf",
".lzh": "application/octet-stream",
".m13": "application/x-msmediaview",
".m14": "application/x-msmediaview",
".m15": "audio/x-mod",
".m3u": "audio/x-mpegurl",
".m3url": "audio/x-mpegurl",
".m4a": "audio/mp4a-latm",
".m4b": "audio/mp4a-latm",
".m4p": "audio/mp4a-latm",
".m4u": "video/vnd.mpegurl",
".m4v": "video/x-m4v",
".ma1": "audio/ma1",
".ma2": "audio/ma2",
".ma3": "audio/ma3",
".ma5": "audio/ma5",
".man": "application/x-troff-man",
".map": "magnus-internal/imagemap",
".mbd": "application/mbedlet",
".mct": "application/x-mascot",
".mdb": "application/x-msaccess",
".mdz": "audio/x-mod",
".me": "application/x-troff-me",
".mel": "text/x-vmel",
".mht": "message/rfc822",
".mhtml": "message/rfc822",
".mi": "application/x-mif",
".mid": "audio/mid",
".midi": "audio/midi",
".mif": "application/x-mif",
".mil": "image/x-cals",
".mio": "audio/x-mio",
".mmf": "application/x-skt-lbs",
".mng": "video/x-mng",
".mny": "application/x-msmoney",
".moc": "application/x-mocha",
".mocha": "application/x-mocha",
".mod": "audio/x-mod",
".mof": "application/x-yumekara",
".mol": "chemical/x-mdl-molfile",
".mop": "chemical/x-mopac-input",
".mov": "video/quicktime",
".movie": "video/x-sgi-movie",
".mp2": "video/mpeg",
".mp3": "audio/mpeg",
".mp4": "video/mp4",
".mpa": "video/mpeg",
".mpc": "application/vnd.mpohun.certificate",
".mpe": "video/mpeg",
".mpeg": "video/mpeg",
".mpg": "video/mpeg",
".mpg4": "video/mp4",
".mpga": "audio/mpeg",
".mpn": "application/vnd.mophun.application",
".mpp": "application/vnd.ms-project",
".mps": "application/x-mapserver",
".mpv2": "video/mpeg",
".mrl": "text/x-mrml",
".mrm": "application/x-mrm",
".ms": "application/x-troff-ms",
".msg": "application/vnd.ms-outlook",
".mts": "application/metastream",
".mtx": "application/metastream",
".mtz": "application/metastream",
".mvb": "application/x-msmediaview",
".mzv": "application/metastream",
".nar": "application/zip",
".nbmp": "image/nbmp",
".nc": "application/x-netcdf",
".ndb": "x-lml/x-ndb",
".ndwn": "application/ndwn",
".nif": "application/x-nif",
".nmz": "application/x-scream",
".nokia-op-logo": "image/vnd.nok-oplogo-color",
".npx": "application/x-netfpx",
".nsnd": "audio/nsnd",
".nva": "application/x-neva1",
".nws": "message/rfc822",
".oda": "application/oda",
".ogg": "audio/ogg",
".oom": "application/x-AtlasMate-Plugin",
".p10": "application/pkcs10",
".p12": "application/x-pkcs12",
".p7b": "application/x-pkcs7-certificates",
".p7c": "application/x-pkcs7-mime",
".p7m": "application/x-pkcs7-mime",
".p7r": "application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp",
".p7s": "application/x-pkcs7-signature",
".pac": "audio/x-pac",
".pae": "audio/x-epac",
".pan": "application/x-pan",
".pbm": "image/x-portable-bitmap",
".pcx": "image/x-pcx",
".pda": "image/x-pda",
".pdb": "chemical/x-pdb",
".pdf": "application/pdf",
".pfr": "application/font-tdpfr",
".pfx": "application/x-pkcs12",
".pgm": "image/x-portable-graymap",
".pict": "image/x-pict",
".pko": "application/ynd.ms-pkipko",
".pm": "application/x-perl",
".pma": "application/x-perfmon",
".pmc": "application/x-perfmon",
".pmd": "application/x-pmd",
".pml": "application/x-perfmon",
".pmr": "application/x-perfmon",
".pmw": "application/x-perfmon",
".png": "image/png",
".pnm": "image/x-portable-anymap",
".pnz": "image/png",
".pot,": "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint",
".ppm": "image/x-portable-pixmap",
".pps": "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint",
".ppt": "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint",
".pptx": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation",
".pqf": "application/x-cprplayer",
".pqi": "application/cprplayer",
".prc": "application/x-prc",
".prf": "application/pics-rules",
".prop": "text/plain",
".proxy": "application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig",
".ps": "application/postscript",
".ptlk": "application/listenup",
".pub": "application/x-mspublisher",
".pvx": "video/x-pv-pvx",
".qcp": "audio/vnd.qcelp",
".qt": "video/quicktime",
".qti": "image/x-quicktime",
".qtif": "image/x-quicktime",
".r3t": "text/vnd.rn-realtext3d",
".ra": "audio/x-pn-realaudio",
".ram": "audio/x-pn-realaudio",
".rar": "application/octet-stream",
".ras": "image/x-cmu-raster",
".rc": "text/plain",
".rdf": "application/rdf+xml",
".rf": "image/vnd.rn-realflash",
".rgb": "image/x-rgb",
".rlf": "application/x-richlink",
".rm": "audio/x-pn-realaudio",
".rmf": "audio/x-rmf",
".rmi": "audio/mid",
".rmm": "audio/x-pn-realaudio",
".rmvb": "audio/x-pn-realaudio",
".rnx": "application/vnd.rn-realplayer",
".roff": "application/x-troff",
".rp": "image/vnd.rn-realpix",
".rpm": "audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin",
".rt": "text/vnd.rn-realtext",
".rte": "x-lml/x-gps",
".rtf": "application/rtf",
".rtg": "application/metastream",
".rtx": "text/richtext",
".rv": "video/vnd.rn-realvideo",
".rwc": "application/x-rogerwilco",
".s3m": "audio/x-mod",
".s3z": "audio/x-mod",
".sca": "application/x-supercard",
".scd": "application/x-msschedule",
".sct": "text/scriptlet",
".sdf": "application/e-score",
".sea": "application/x-stuffit",
".setpay": "application/set-payment-initiation",
".setreg": "application/set-registration-initiation",
".sgm": "text/x-sgml",
".sgml": "text/x-sgml",
".sh": "application/x-sh",
".shar": "application/x-shar",
".shtml": "magnus-internal/parsed-html",
".shw": "application/presentations",
".si6": "image/si6",
".si7": "image/vnd.stiwap.sis",
".si9": "image/vnd.lgtwap.sis",
".sis": "application/vnd.symbian.install",
".sit": "application/x-stuffit",
".skd": "application/x-Koan",
".skm": "application/x-Koan",
".skp": "application/x-Koan",
".skt": "application/x-Koan",
".slc": "application/x-salsa",
".smd": "audio/x-smd",
".smi": "application/smil",
".smil": "application/smil",
".smp": "application/studiom",
".smz": "audio/x-smd",
".snd": "audio/basic",
".spc": "application/x-pkcs7-certificates",
".spl": "application/futuresplash",
".spr": "application/x-sprite",
".sprite": "application/x-sprite",
".sdp": "application/sdp",
".spt": "application/x-spt",
".src": "application/x-wais-source",
".sst": "application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore",
".stk": "application/hyperstudio",
".stl": "application/vnd.ms-pkistl",
".stm": "text/html",
".svg": "image/svg+xml",
".sv4cpio": "application/x-sv4cpio",
".sv4crc": "application/x-sv4crc",
".svf": "image/vnd",
".svh": "image/svh",
".svr": "x-world/x-svr",
".swf": "application/x-shockwave-flash",
".swfl": "application/x-shockwave-flash",
".t": "application/x-troff",
".tad": "application/octet-stream",
".talk": "text/x-speech",
".tar": "application/x-tar",
".taz": "application/x-tar",
".tbp": "application/x-timbuktu",
".tbt": "application/x-timbuktu",
".tcl": "application/x-tcl",
".tex": "application/x-tex",
".texi": "application/x-texinfo",
".texinfo": "application/x-texinfo",
".tgz": "application/x-compressed",
".thm": "application/vnd.eri.thm",
".tif": "image/tiff",
".tiff": "image/tiff",
".tki": "application/x-tkined",
".tkined": "application/x-tkined",
".toc": "application/toc",
".toy": "image/toy",
".tr": "application/x-troff",
".trk": "x-lml/x-gps",
".trm": "application/x-msterminal",
".tsi": "audio/tsplayer",
".tsp": "application/dsptype",
".tsv": "text/tab-separated-values",
".ttf": "application/octet-stream",
".ttz": "application/t-time",
".txt": "text/plain",
".uls": "text/iuls",
".ult": "audio/x-mod",
".ustar": "application/x-ustar",
".uu": "application/x-uuencode",
".uue": "application/x-uuencode",
".vcd": "application/x-cdlink",
".vcf": "text/x-vcard",
".vdo": "video/vdo",
".vib": "audio/vib",
".viv": "video/vivo",
".vivo": "video/vivo",
".vmd": "application/vocaltec-media-desc",
".vmf": "application/vocaltec-media-file",
".vmi": "application/x-dreamcast-vms-info",
".vms": "application/x-dreamcast-vms",
".vox": "audio/voxware",
".vqe": "audio/x-twinvq-plugin",
".vqf": "audio/x-twinvq",
".vql": "audio/x-twinvq",
".vre": "x-world/x-vream",
".vrml": "x-world/x-vrml",
".vrt": "x-world/x-vrt",
".vrw": "x-world/x-vream",
".vts": "workbook/formulaone",
".wav": "audio/x-wav",
".wax": "audio/x-ms-wax",
".wbmp": "image/vnd.wap.wbmp",
".wcm": "application/vnd.ms-works",
".wdb": "application/vnd.ms-works",
".web": "application/vnd.xara",
".wi": "image/wavelet",
".wis": "application/x-InstallShield",
".wks": "application/vnd.ms-works",
".wm": "video/x-ms-wm",
".wma": "audio/x-ms-wma",
".wmd": "application/x-ms-wmd",
".wmf": "application/x-msmetafile",
".wml": "text/vnd.wap.wml",
".wmlc": "application/vnd.wap.wmlc",
".wmls": "text/vnd.wap.wmlscript",
".wmlsc": "application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc",
".wmlscript": "text/vnd.wap.wmlscript",
".wmv": "audio/x-ms-wmv",
".wmx": "video/x-ms-wmx",
".wmz": "application/x-ms-wmz",
".wpng": "image/x-up-wpng",
".wps": "application/vnd.ms-works",
".wpt": "x-lml/x-gps",
".wri": "application/x-mswrite",
".wrl": "x-world/x-vrml",
".wrz": "x-world/x-vrml",
".ws": "text/vnd.wap.wmlscript",
".wsc": "application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc",
".wv": "video/wavelet",
".wvx": "video/x-ms-wvx",
".wxl": "application/x-wxl",
".x-gzip": "application/x-gzip",
".xaf": "x-world/x-vrml",
".xar": "application/vnd.xara",
".xbm": "image/x-xbitmap",
".xdm": "application/x-xdma",
".xdma": "application/x-xdma",
".xdw": "application/vnd.fujixerox.docuworks",
".xht": "application/xhtml+xml",
".xhtm": "application/xhtml+xml",
".xhtml": "application/xhtml+xml",
".xla": "application/vnd.ms-excel",
".xlc": "application/vnd.ms-excel",
".xll": "application/x-excel",
".xlm": "application/vnd.ms-excel",
".xls": "application/vnd.ms-excel",
".xlsx": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet",
".xlt": "application/vnd.ms-excel",
".xlw": "application/vnd.ms-excel",
".xm": "audio/x-mod",
".xml": "text/plain",
".xml": "application/xml",
".xmz": "audio/x-mod",
".xof": "x-world/x-vrml",
".xpi": "application/x-xpinstall",
".xpm": "image/x-xpixmap",
".xsit": "text/xml",
".xsl": "text/xml",
".xul": "text/xul",
".xwd": "image/x-xwindowdump",
".xyz": "chemical/x-pdb",
".yz1": "application/x-yz1",
".z": "application/x-compress",
".zac": "application/x-zaurus-zac",
".zip": "application/zip",
".json": "application/json"
}
1731
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
