1. 当查询结果集中的数据行超过全表数据行的一定比例时索引失效
1.1. 准备模拟数据:
# 创建test表:
create table test
(
name varchar(10) null,
age int(1) null
);
# 给age列添加索引:
create index idx_age
on test (age);
# 插入一些数据:
insert into test
values ('li11', 11),
('li12', 12),
('li13', 13),
('li14', 14),
('li15', 15),
('li16', 16),
('li16', 17),
('li16', 18);
1.2. 问题复现:
注意:如下2条查询中的比例(所查询条数/全部数据条数),不代表mysql优化器是按照下面的2条语句中的比例进行判断是走全表扫描还是走索引!
# 当查询6条数据(共8条)时:执行explain后type:all(全表扫描)没有走索引!
explain select * from test where age between 11 and 16;
+--+-----------+-----+----------+----+-------------+----+-------+----+----+--------+-----------+
|id|select_type|table|partitions|type|possible_keys|key |key_len|ref |rows|filtered|Extra |
+--+-----------+-----+----------+----+-------------+----+-------+----+----+--------+-----------+
|1 |SIMPLE |test |NULL |ALL |idx_age |NULL|NULL |NULL|8 |75 |Using where|
+--+-----------+-----+----------+----+-------------+----+-------+----+----+--------+-----------+
# 当查询2条数据(共8条)时:执行explain后type:range, key:idx_age,即走了索引!
explain select * from test where age between 11 and 12;
+--+-----------+-----+----------+-----+-------------+-------+-------+----+----+--------+---------------------+
|id|select_type|table|partitions|type |possible_keys|key |key_len|ref |rows|filtered|Extra |
+--+-----------+-----+----------+-----+-------------+-------+-------+----+----+--------+---------------------+
|1 |SIMPLE |test |NULL |range|idx_age |idx_age|5 |NULL|2 |100 |Using index condition|
+--+-----------+-----+----------+-----+-------------+-------+-------+----+----+--------+---------------------+