一、认证与授权(使用 Flask 框架和 Flask-HTTPAuth 库实现基本的认证)
python
from flask import Flask, request
from flask_httpauth import HTTPBasicAuth
app = Flask(__name__)
auth = HTTPBasicAuth()
# 存储用户信息的示例字典(实际应用中应使用数据库存储)
users = {
"user1": "password1",
"user2": "password2"
}
@auth.verify_password
def verify_password(username, password):
if username in users and users[username] == password:
return username
@app.route('/api/secure_data')
@auth.login_required
def get_secure_data():
# 这里返回一些安全数据示例
return "This is secure data"
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
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二、数据加密(在 Flask 中使用 Flask-SocketIO 实现 WebSocket 通信并采用 SSL/TLS)
python
from flask import Flask, render_template
from flask_socketio import SocketIO, send
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'secret!'
# 使用 SSL/TLS 证书和密钥(这里是示例路径,实际应用中需替换为真实路径)
socketio = SocketIO(app, ssl_context=('path_to_cert.pem', 'path_to_key.pem'))
@socketio.on('message')
def handle_message(message):
# 加密后的消息传输处理
send(message, broadcast=True)
@app.route('/')
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
if __name__ == '__main__':
socketio.run(app, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, debug=True)
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三、输入验证与过滤(使用 Python 的 WTForms 库进行表单数据验证)
python
from flask import Flask, request
from wtforms import Form, StringField, IntegerField
from wtforms.validators import DataRequired, Length, NumberRange
app = Flask(__name__)
class UserInputForm(Form):
name = StringField('Name', validators=[DataRequired(), Length(min=2, max=50)])
age = IntegerField('Age', validators=[DataRequired(), NumberRange(min=0, max=120)])
@app.route('/api/submit_data', methods=['POST'])
def submit_data():
form = UserInputForm(request.form)
if form.validate():
# 处理经过验证的正确数据
name = form.name.data
age = form.age.data
return f"Received: Name - {name}, Age - {age}"
else:
# 返回错误信息
errors = form.errors
return f"Validation errors: {errors}", 400
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
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四、监控与审计(简单的日志记录示例)
python
import logging
from flask import Flask, request
app = Flask(__name__)
logging.basicConfig(filename='api_access.log', level=logging.INFO)
@app.route('/api/any_endpoint')
def any_api_endpoint():
# 记录请求信息
logging.info(f"Request from {request.remote_addr}: {request.url} with method {request.method}")
# 实际业务逻辑
return "API response"
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
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这些代码示例只是基本的演示,实际应用中需要根据具体的 API 架构、技术栈和安全需求进行更复杂和全面的实现。同时,还需要结合其他安全措施和工具来确保 API 的安全性。