习题3-41
#include <iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
int a[5] = { 1,2,3,4,5 };
vector<int> v1(begin(a), end(a));
for (auto i:v1)
cout << i << endl;
}
习题3-42
#include <iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
vector<int> v1;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
v1.push_back(i + 2);
int a[5];
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
a[i] = v1[i];
cout << "a[" << i << "]=" << a[i] << endl;
}
}
习题3-43
tips:范围for语句在P82,3.2.3节中
版本1:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
int ia[3][4] = {
{1,2,3,4},
{5,6,7,8},
{9,10,11,12}
};
for (int (&i)[4] : ia)
{
for (int j : i)
cout << j<<" ";
cout << endl;
}
}
讲解:多维数组是数组的数组。 i 的类型应该是 ia[3][4] 的元素,即一个四维数组:{1,2,3,4}或{5,6,7,8}或{9,10,11,12},但是我直接用 int i[4] :ia ;却会提示错误:不能用int *初始化int [4]类型;ia的类型是第一个元素的类型,是指向一个有四个元素的一维数组的类型。如果i不是引用类型,ia就会转化为int*。
这里我们需要注意的是:当对一个数组的数组名一般是指首个元素的地址,但是如果加取址符号的话,就是取整个数组的地址,虽然也是等于首个元素的地址,但是地址的长度不一样。如下示例可以看到,对于二维数组的第三个元素,即一维数组。用取址符号得到的是整个数组。参考一下code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
int ia[3][4] = {
{1,2,3,4},
{5,6,7,8},
{9,10,11,12}
};
cout << sizeof(int) << endl;
cout << ia[2] << endl;
cout << &ia[2] << endl;
cout << ia[2] + 1 << endl;
cout << &ia[2] + 1 << endl;
}
输出为:
4
008FFD0C
008FFD0C
008FFD10
008FFD1C
版本2:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
int ia[3][4] = {
{1,2,3,4},
{5,6,7,8},
{9,10,11,12}
};
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
cout << ia[i][j] <<" ";
cout << endl;
}
}
版本3:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
int ia[3][4] = {
{1,2,3,4},
{5,6,7,8},
{9,10,11,12}
};
for (int(*i)[4] = ia; i < ia+3; i++)
{
for (int *j= *i; j < *i+4; j++)
cout << *j <<" ";
cout << endl;
}
}
习题3-44和习题3-45
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
int ia[3][4] = {
{1,2,3,4},
{5,6,7,8},
{9,10,11,12}
};
//版本一:
using int_a = int[4];
for (int_a &i : ia)
{
for (int j : i)
cout << j << " ";
cout << endl;
}
//版本一:
for (auto &i : ia)
{
for (auto j : i)
cout << j << " ";
cout << endl;
}
//版本三
using int_b = int[4];
for (int_b *p = begin(ia); p != end(ia); p++)
{
for (int *q = *p; q != end(*p); q++)
cout << *q << " ";
cout << endl;
}
//版本三
for (auto p = begin(ia); p != end(ia); p++)
{
for(auto q=*p;q!=end(*p);q++)
cout << *q << " ";
cout << endl;
}
}