【Playwright+Python】系列教程（七）使用Playwright进行API接口测试-CSDN博客

playwright也是可以做接口测试的，但个人觉得还是没有requests库强大，但和selenium相比的话，略胜一筹，毕竟支持API登录，也就是说可以不用交互直接调用接口操作了。

怎么用

既然是API的测试了，那肯定就别搞UI自动化那套，搞什么浏览器交互，那叫啥API测试，纯属扯淡。

也不像有些博主更懒，直接贴的官方例子，难道我用你再帮我复制一次？

来下面，说明下使用playwright如何做API测试？

实例化request对象

示例代码如下：

python


    
    playwright.request.new_context()

没错，实例化后，就是调API，看吧，其实也不是很难是不是？

实战举栗

这里用我自己写的学生管理系统的部分接口来做演示，并对部分常用api做以说明，代码示例都是用同步的写法。

1、GET请求

示例如下：

python


    
    def testQueryStudent(playwright: Playwright):

    
        """

     
         查询学生

     
         """

    
        url = 'http://localhost:8090/studentFindById'

    
        param = {

    
            'id': 105

    
        }

    
        request_context = playwright.request.new_context()

    
        response = request_context.get(url=url, params=param)

    
        assert response.ok

    
        assert response.json()

    
        print('\n', response.json())

效果：

2、POST请求

示例代码：

python


    
    def testAddStudent(playwright: Playwright):

    
        """

     
         新增学生

     
         :return:

     
         """

    
        url = 'http://localhost:8090/studentAdd'

    
        request_body = {

    
            "className": "banji",

    
            "courseName": "wuli",

    
            "email": "ales@qq.com",

    
            "name": "ales",

    
            "score": 70,

    
            "sex": "boy",

    
            "studentId": "92908290"

    
        }

    
        header = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}

    
        request_context = playwright.request.new_context()

    
        response = request_context.post(url=url, headers=header, data=request_body)

    
        assert response.ok

    
        assert response.json()

    
        print('\n', response.json())

效果：

3、PUT请求

示例代码：

python


    
    def testUpdateStudents(playwright: Playwright):

    
        """

     
         修改学生

     
         """

    
        url = 'http://localhost:8090/studentUpdate/100'

    
        param = {

    
            'studentId': "id" + str(100),

    
            'name': "name" + str(100),

    
            'score': 100,

    
            "sex": "girl",

    
            "className": "class" + str(100),

    
            "courseName": "course" + str(100),

    
            "email": str(100) + "email@qq.com"

    
    

    
        }

    
        request_context = playwright.request.new_context()

    
        response = request_context.put(url=url, form=param)

    
        assert response.ok

    
        assert response.json()

    
        print('\n', response.json())

效果：

4、DELETE请求

示例代码：

python


    
    def testDeleteStudents(playwright: Playwright):

    
        """

     
         删除学生

     
         """

    
        url = 'http://localhost:8090/studentDelete/' + str(105)

    
        request_context = playwright.request.new_context()

    
        response = request_context.delete(url=url)

    
        assert response.ok

    
        assert response.json()

    
        print('\n', response.json())

效果：

5、上传文件

这个是特例吧，按照官方给的方法，我真的是死活也不能成功，一直都是提示上上传文件不能为空，也不到为啥，结果我用了一个替代方案，就是抓包模拟的构造入参，才成功，也是曲折呀。

示例代码：

python


    
    def test_upload_file(playwright: Playwright):

    
        '''

     
         上传文件

     
         :param playwright:

     
         :return:

     
         '''

    
        # 创建请求上下文

    
        request_context = playwright.request.new_context()

    
    

    
        # 定义上传文件的URL

    
        upload_url = "http://localhost:8090/fileUpload"

    
    

    
        # 文件路径

    
        file_path = "d:/demo.txt"

    
    

    
        # 获取文件名和MIME类型

    
        filename = file_path.split('/')[-1]

    
        mime_type, _ = mimetypes.guess_type(file_path)

    
        if not mime_type:

    
            mime_type = 'application/octet-stream'

    
    

    
        # 读取文件内容

    
        with open(file_path, 'rb') as file:

    
            file_content = file.read()

    
    

    
        # 构造multipart/form-data的边界字符串

    
        boundary = '---------------------' + str(random.randint(1e28, 1e29 - 1))

    
    

    
        # 构造请求体

    
        body = (

    
            f'--{boundary}\r\n'

    
            f'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="{filename}"\r\n'

    
            f'Content-Type: {mime_type}\r\n\r\n'

    
            f'{file_content.decode("utf-8") if mime_type.startswith("text/") else file_content.hex()}'

    
            f'\r\n--{boundary}--\r\n'

    
        ).encode('utf-8')

    
    

    
        # 设置请求头

    
        headers = {

    
            'Content-Type': f'multipart/form-data; boundary={boundary}',

    
        }

    
        # 发起POST请求

    
        response = request_context.post(upload_url, data=body, headers=headers)

    
    

    
        # 检查响应

    
        assert response.status == 200, f"Upload failed with status: {response.status}"

    
        assert response.ok

    
        assert response.json()

    
        print('\n', response.json())

效果：

官方写法：

python


    
    # 读取文件内容

    
    with open(file_path, 'rb') as file:

    
        file_content = file.read()

    
        response = request_context.post(upload_url, multipart={

    
            "fileField": {

    
                "name": "demo.txt",

    
                "mimeType": "text/plain",

    
                "buffer": file_content,

    
            }

    
        })

    
    print('\n', response.json())