git分支概念 | git branch | git checkout

同一个仓库多个分支进行同时修改，最后合并到同一个仓库中
各个分支互不影响。相当于多个独立开发的环境。

#创建分支branch1并切换到分支branch1中 git branch / git checkout

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (master)
$ git branch branch1

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (master)
$ git branch
  branch1
* master

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (master)
$ git checkout branch1
Switched to branch 'branch1'

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (branch1)

#在分支branch1中创建文件1.txt

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (branch1)
$ touch 1.txt
MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (branch1)
$ git add 1.txt

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (branch1)
$ git commit -m "add 1.txt"
[branch1 2514902] add 1.txt
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 1.txt

#分支可以看到所在路径根节点下的文件
例如branch1是master的分支，test.txt在master下，
即使我切换到branch1中也能看到。

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (branch1)
$ ll
total 1
-rw-r--r-- 1 MY-PC 197609  0 6月   7 10:30 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 MY-PC 197609 13 6月   7 10:12 test.txt

合并创建分支和切换分支两个命令 git checkout -b
将git branch和git checkout合并成git checkout -b (branch)

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (branch1)
$ git checkout -b branch2
Switched to a new branch 'branch2'

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (branch2)

#删除分支 git branch -d
在branch2下创建分支branch3，切换到branch3中delete branch2，
如果在branch2中delete branch2 会报错。

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (branch2)
$ git checkout -b branch3
Switched to a new branch 'branch3'

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (branch3)
$ git branch -d branch2
Deleted branch branch2 (was 2514902).

在branch3中创建2.txt并在master中尝试删除branch3中的2.txt
报错，因为此时branch3中已经发生变动
而新增的2.txt还没有合并到master中。
可以选择用大写-D参数强制删除

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (master)
$ git checkout branch3
Switched to branch 'branch3'

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (branch3)
$ touch 2.txt

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (branch3)
$ vim 2.txt

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (branch3)
$ cat 2.txt
hello

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (branch3)
$ git add 2.txt
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in 2.txt.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (branch3)
$ git commit -m "add 2.txt"
[branch3 628ce7f] add 2.txt
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 2.txt

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (branch3)
$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (master)
$ git branch -d branch3
error: The branch 'branch3' is not fully merged.
If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D branch3'.

#将branch3中的内容合并到master中，最后提交的一般是master git merge

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (master)
$ git merge branch3
Updating c0b5233..628ce7f
Fast-forward
 1.txt | 0
 2.txt | 1 +
 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 1.txt
 create mode 100644 2.txt

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (master)
$ git push
Enumerating objects: 7, done.
Counting objects: 100% (7/7), done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
Writing objects: 100% (6/6), 527 bytes | 105.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 6 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To github.com:Jacobtsang/git-tutorial.git
   c0b5233..628ce7f  master -> master

虽然现在本地仓master主干下有三个分支，
而远端仓看到的只有master

#将分支push到远端 git push origin

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (master)
$ git push origin branch3
Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote:
remote: Create a pull request for 'branch3' on GitHub by visiting:
remote:      https://github.com/Jacobtsang/git-tutorial/pull/new/branch3
remote:
To github.com:Jacobtsang/git-tutorial.git
 * [new branch]      branch3 -> branch3

#在本地删除远端分支 git push origin :

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (master)
$ git push origin :branch3
To github.com:Jacobtsang/git-tutorial.git
 - [deleted]         branch3

#push上去的分支想更改别的名字

MY-PC@DESKTOP-S026G4J MINGW64 /c/Users/MY-PC/Desktop/git-tutorial (master)
$ git push origin branch3:b3
Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote:
remote: Create a pull request for 'b3' on GitHub by visiting:
remote:      https://github.com/Jacobtsang/git-tutorial/pull/new/b3
remote:
To github.com:Jacobtsang/git-tutorial.git
 * [new branch]      branch3 -> b3

翻译自：https://codesofun.com