【AMQP】rabbit mq 几种模式的用法

RabbitMQ的简单使用

名词解释

P: producer 消息的产生者
Queue: 存储消息的缓冲区
C: consumer 消息的消费者
Exchange: 介于P和Queue之间，处理P发送的消息转发到queue

queue 模式

P将消息发送到指定queue, 订阅该queue的C，从中获取消息内容。多个C的模式，一般采用round-robin的方式获取queue里面的消息。

公共部分

// 创建一个mq的连接
	conn, err := amqp.Dial("amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672/")
// 创建一个管道，channel
	ch, err := conn.Channel()
// 给channel 申明指定的queue
	q, err := ch.QueueDeclare(
		"hello", // name
		false,   // durable
		false,   // delete when unused
		false,   // exclusive
		false,   // no-wait
		nil,     // arguments
	)

message publish

err = ch.Publish(
	"",     // exchange
	q.Name, // routing key
	false,  // mandatory
	false,  // immediate
	amqp.Publishing{
		ContentType: "text/plain",
		Body:        []byte(body),
	})

message consume

msgs, err := ch.Consume(
	q.Name,
	"",
	false,
	false,
	false,
	false,
	nil,
)
failOnError(err, "Failed to register a consumer")

for d := range msgs {
	log.Printf("Received a message: %s", d.Body)
}

publish/subscribe 模式

Instead, the producer can only send messages to an exchange. An exchange is a very simple thing.On one side it receives messages from producers and the other side it pushes them to queues. The exchange must know exactly what to do with a message it receives. Should it be appended to a particular queue? Should it be appended to many queues? Or should it get discarded. The rules for that are defined by the exchange type.

Exchange 作为producer 和 queue 之前的代理，有一定规则，决定将消息投递到哪个queue 或者丢弃消息. 几种类型 direct, topic, headers and fanout

publish端

	err = ch.ExchangeDeclare("logs", "fanout", true, false, false, false, nil)
	failOnError(err, "Failed to declare a exchange")

	body := "Hello World!" + time.Now().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
	err = ch.Publish("logs", "", false, false,
		amqp.Publishing{
			ContentType: "text/plain",
			Body:        []byte(body),
		})
	failOnError(err, "Failed to publish a message")

consumer 端

			err = ch.QueueBind(q.Name, "", "logs", false, nil)
			
			msgs, err := ch.Consume(q.Name, "", false, false, false, false, nil)
			failOnError(err, "Failed to register a consumer")
			for d := range msgs {
				log.Printf(fmt.Sprintf("%d,", idx)+",Received a message: %s", d.Body)
			}

routing 模式

如图所示，X: exchange type 选择direct,(finout 类型忽略routingkey), Q1 和X的 routingKey 是orange, Q2 和X的routingKey 是 black, green。P发送orange的消息会丢到Q1队列，发送black 或者 green 会丢到Q2队列里面，其他routingKey会丢弃。

如果，Q1和Q2都用相同的routingKey 绑定 X, 这个模式类似于Type是finout的exchange, Q1和Q2都会收到消息

topic 模式

相比于前一个，routingkey 支持模糊匹配。

• *(star) can substitute for exactly one word.
• #(hash) can substitute for zero or more words.

星号支持一个字段，井号支持0个或多个字段。
topic 模式多变:

• queue和exchange绑定的routingKey 设置为#， 相当于广播模式，exchange 的type 为finout
• queue和exchange绑定的routingKey 中不包含任何*或者#， 相当于exhange的type为direct

rpc 模式

待更新

参考文档

• https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html