What's a Virtual Machine

Virtual Machine

A virtual machine (VM) is a computer program that simulates a computer. The VM software we’re using in this course is called VirtualBox. When you set up your virtual machine you installed Linux on the VM, making Linux the guest operating system. The operating system (OS) that’s installed directly on your physical computer is called the host OS.

We use a virtual machine in this course to ensure that everyone is working in an identical environment with the correct programs installed, but there are many other reasons programmers use VMs.

VMs isolate programming projects from everything else on a programmer’s computer. The programmer can configure the guest OS by installing programs and customizing settings without disrupting their day-to-day environment.

VMs are also used to simulate the environment that software will be deployed to. Most developers use Windows or Mac OS, but often deploy their code to servers running Linux. Using a Linux VM lets programmers run code on their target platform, without leaving the comfort of their preferred host OS.

Vagrant

Vagrant is a program that makes VMs more convenient to use. For example when you ran vagrant up Vagrant created a VM, installed a guest OS, and configured the guest OS. Vagrant did all of this automatically by following instructions in the Vagrantfile. Automating this process saves time and ensures consistent results.

Vagrant also makes it easy to edit files that are in the VM from programs installed on the host OS. We won’t use this feature in this class, but it’s very helpful in other Udacity courses and on the job.

Command Line Interface

Programmers encounter many different command line interfaces (CLIs) in their work. Any computer interface where the user enters textual commands and gets textual responses is a CLI. While CLIs vary significantly, proficiency in one will give you a head start learning another. In this class we mostly work with the Linux command line interface in a VM, but in order to access that you need to use your host OS’s command line interface. Other command line interfaces you might encounter as a developer are your browser’s tools and Python’s interactive interpreter.

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A screenshot of Chrome Developer Tools’ console, which is a sort of command line interface with your browser.

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Different programming languages will have different Command Line Interfaces (CLIs). A screenshot of an interactive Python session on the command line using the Python CLI. Instead of using a software program with a more standard visual user interface, many programmers often use the command line with a CLI as shown above.

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虚拟机(Virtual Machine)指通过软件模拟的具有完整硬件系统功能的、运行在一个完全隔离环境中的完整计算机系统 定义   虚拟机指通过软件模拟的具有完整硬件系统功能的、运行在一个完全隔离环境中的完整计算机系统。 编辑本段用途   通过虚拟机软件,你可以在一台物理计算机上模拟出一台或多台虚拟的计算机,这些虚拟机完全就像真正的计算机那样进行工作,例如你可以安装操作系统、安装应用程序、访问网络资源等等。对于你而言,它只是运行在你物理计算机上的一个应用程序,但是对于在虚拟机中运行的应用程序而言,它就是一台真正的计算机。因此,当我在虚拟机中进行软件评测时,可能系统一样会崩溃,但是,崩溃的只是虚拟机上的操作系统,而不是物理计算机上的操作系统,并且,使用虚拟机的“Undo”(恢复)功能,我可以马上恢复虚拟机到安装软件之前的状态。 编辑本段虚拟系统与虚拟机区别   虚拟系统其实以Prayaya迅影V3虚拟系统为代表的,通过生成现有操作系统的全新虚拟镜像,它具有真实windows系统完全一样的功能,进入虚拟系统后,所有操作都是在这个全新的独立的虚拟系统里面进行,可以独立安装运行软件,保存数据,拥有自己的独立桌面,不会对真正的系统产生任何影响 ,而且具有能够在现有系统与虚拟镜像之间灵活切换的一类操作系统。虚拟系统和传统的虚拟机(Vmware,VirtualBox,Virtual pc)不同,虚拟系统不会降低电脑的性能,启动虚拟系统不需要像启动windows系统那样耗费时间,运行程序更加方便快捷。
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