Python RSA加密解密

Python RSA加密解密

RSA是一种非对称加密算法

非对称加密需要公钥（publickey）和私钥（privatekey）

消息传递前需要先生成公钥和私钥，发送方将待发送消息用公钥加密，发送给接收方。接收方收到消息后，用私钥解密。在这个过程中，公钥负责加密，私钥负责解密，消息在传输过程中即使被截获，攻击者由于没有私钥，无法破解截获的消息。

非对称加密算法的加解密速度低于对称加密算法，但是安全性更高。

非对称加密算法：RSA、DSA、ECC等算法

RSA加密解密过程：

import rsa


# rsa加密
def rsaEncrypt(str):
    # 生成公钥、私钥
    (pubkey, privkey) = rsa.newkeys(512)
    print("公钥:\n%s\n私钥:\n%s" % (pubkey, privkey))
    # 明文编码格式
    content = str.encode("utf-8")
    # 公钥加密
    crypto = rsa.encrypt(content, pubkey)
    return (crypto, privkey)


# rsa解密
def rsaDecrypt(str, pk):
    # 私钥解密
    content = rsa.decrypt(str, pk)
    con = content.decode("utf-8")
    return con


if __name__ == "__main__":
    str, pk = rsaEncrypt("password")
    print("加密后密文：\n%s" % str)

    content = rsaDecrypt(str, pk)
    print("解密后明文：\n%s" % content)

输出结果：

公钥:
PublicKey(9159426407102734998560294890451891757513071757088584253729648528501417390045783844324225057548342352223226493499499812727491257587964648637915558412428127, 65537)
私钥:
PrivateKey(9159426407102734998560294890451891757513071757088584253729648528501417390045783844324225057548342352223226493499499812727491257587964648637915558412428127, 65537, 7190772358695741617878842980433042141321773272715637707533822824357636537829981741351623829030718781697003727767252117623450712680213111880577214133630801, 6909139008438239969203597869903711106052468607857293363487996250670397485518005063, 1325697224490082438898074923574950933686195846386160566957092835626425129)
加密后密文：
b"V\xc5\x1a\xfd<\xa1\x84\xf7P\x19\xb9\xf8\x14\x8d\xc4\x9dt\x1c\xc8\xe6\xe4T\x8aJ\xe8\\\xc5\xc6\xa4\xd6\xaeH\x80\x1f('Z\xef%\x03\x05Z)\x8fvVX\xe2\xd5\xc9HtRx\xce,\x1el\xf4\xc0\x87\x95\xef;"
解密后明文：
password

使用 Crypto.PublicKey.RSA 生成公钥、私钥：

import Crypto.PublicKey.RSA
import Crypto.Random
 
x = Crypto.PublicKey.RSA.generate(2048)
a = x.exportKey("PEM")  # 生成私钥
b = x.publickey().exportKey()   # 生成公钥
with open("a.pem", "wb") as x:
    x.write(a)
with open("b.pem", "wb") as x:
    x.write(b)
 
y = Crypto.PublicKey.RSA.generate(2048, Crypto.Random.new().read)   # 使用 Crypto.Random.new().read 伪随机数生成器
c = y.exportKey()   # 生成私钥
d = y.publickey().exportKey()   #生成公钥
with open("c.pem", "wb") as x:
    x.write(c)
with open("d.pem", "wb") as x:
    x.write(d)

使用 Crypto.PublicKey.RSA.importKey(private_key) 生成公钥和证书：

import Crypto.PublicKey.RSA
 
with open("a.pem", "rb") as x:
    xx = Crypto.PublicKey.RSA.importKey(x.read())
 
b = xx.publickey().exportKey()   # 生成公钥
with open("b.pem", "wb") as x:
    x.write(b)
    
a = xx.exportKey("DER")   # 生成 DER 格式的证书
with open("a.der", "wb") as x:
    x.write(a)

使用 RSA 生成公钥、私钥：

import rsa

f, e = rsa.newkeys(1024)  # 生成公钥、私钥

e = e.save_pkcs1()  # 保存为 .pem 格式
with open("private.pem", "wb") as x:  # 保存私钥
    x.write(e)
f = f.save_pkcs1()  # 保存为 .pem 格式
with open("public.pem", "wb") as x:  # 保存公钥
    x.write(f)

RSA非对称加密：

import rsa
import base64

password = 'password'
print('password:%s' % password)

y = base64.b64encode(password.encode())
print('y:%s' % y)

with open("public.pem", "rb") as x:
    f = x.read()
    f = rsa.PublicKey.load_pkcs1(f)  # load 公钥

with open("private.pem", "rb") as x:
    e = x.read()
    e = rsa.PrivateKey.load_pkcs1(e)  # load 私钥

cipher_text = rsa.encrypt(y, f)  # 使用公钥加密
print('cipher_text:%s' % cipher_text)

msg = base64.b64encode(cipher_text).decode()
print('msg:%s' % msg)

crypto = base64.b64decode(msg)
print('crypto:%s' % crypto)

text = rsa.decrypt(crypto, e).decode()  # 使用私钥解密
print('text:%s' % text)

password = base64.b64decode(text).decode()
print('password:%s' % password)

输出结果：

password:password
y:b'cGFzc3dvcmQ='
cipher_text:b" w\xc3\x80\xb5V\xdb\x95\x1eJ{\x95`\xb1\xd8\xea\xb8G\x9a1\xc6N6\xcd\x9c\r\xfa\xa5;E\xfe\xb7\xe8\xef\x93\xbd\x94\xd4H\xbe\xd5\xcb\xaa\xfd\n\x08\x12\xdd\xc0\x93\xbb\x0e\xc2\xb7S\xd3\xd5\x95\x86+\xbeJ\xd8Yv\xa8\xac\r\xb6y\xd1\xae\xeb:.XH\xa6\xc6\xce\xb5y1\xbe\xc6q\x8c\xd6 \xae\xa9\xd0\xd3$\xb6[\xbab\x99:\xdbz\xb0\x80BkK\xbc%\x19e\x06\xfbP\xa6\xc9\x10\x19\xe3'\x1bd\\\xd1\xd5\xb4Aj"
msg:IHfDgLVW25UeSnuVYLHY6rhHmjHGTjbNnA36pTtF/rfo75O9lNRIvtXLqv0KCBLdwJO7DsK3U9PVlYYrvkrYWXaorA22edGu6zouWEimxs61eTG+xnGM1iCuqdDTJLZbumKZOtt6sIBCa0u8JRllBvtQpskQGeMnG2Rc0dW0QWo=
crypto:b" w\xc3\x80\xb5V\xdb\x95\x1eJ{\x95`\xb1\xd8\xea\xb8G\x9a1\xc6N6\xcd\x9c\r\xfa\xa5;E\xfe\xb7\xe8\xef\x93\xbd\x94\xd4H\xbe\xd5\xcb\xaa\xfd\n\x08\x12\xdd\xc0\x93\xbb\x0e\xc2\xb7S\xd3\xd5\x95\x86+\xbeJ\xd8Yv\xa8\xac\r\xb6y\xd1\xae\xeb:.XH\xa6\xc6\xce\xb5y1\xbe\xc6q\x8c\xd6 \xae\xa9\xd0\xd3$\xb6[\xbab\x99:\xdbz\xb0\x80BkK\xbc%\x19e\x06\xfbP\xa6\xc9\x10\x19\xe3'\x1bd\\\xd1\xd5\xb4Aj"
text:cGFzc3dvcmQ=
password:password

参考文章：
python3 RSA加解密
Python加密与解密
python 使用 with open（） as 读写文件