php前端开发小项目实例,Web使用webpack构建前端项目的实例代码

当下最为流行的就是webpack和gulp了, 之前一篇我们讲了gulp, 这一篇我们来好好讨论webpack.本文主要和大家介绍Web使用webpack构建前端项目，小编觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，也给大家做个参考。一起跟随小编过来看看吧，希望能帮助到大家。

说起webpack, 想必做前端的同学肯定不会陌生, 其实之前我们使用gulp构建的时候, 也使用了webpack的打包技术, 其实gulp和webpack并不是相互替代的关系, 而是相辅相成, 今天我们就来好好看看webpack的神奇之处吧.

我们学习一样新技术, 首先肯定是从他的官方文档入手, 当然我们要学习也是学最新版的.webpack的官方教程写的非常好, 一步一步讲的很到位, 各位同学可以直接阅读官方文档, 比起博客中的二手, 三手以及四手的资料, 官方文档肯定是你更好的选择.

这篇文章, 不是教你什么看这一篇就够了之类的对于官方文档拷贝的水文, 而是能让你快速上手并且觉得所谓的webpack其实也就这么一回事, webpack你只要记住一个中心思想, 就和上面的图示一样, 将所有错综复杂的文件逻辑打包压缩成几个静态资源, 不多说了, 我们还是看代码来的实际.

webpack.config.js

对于一些抛弃jquery迎接react和vue的前端开发者来说, webpack虽然可能自己没有写过, 但看总是看过的吧, 一般来说, 都会有一个webpack.config.js的webpack配置文件.下面的代码就是一个简单的webpack的配置, 麻雀虽小五脏俱全.

var debug = process.env.NODE_ENV !== "production"; //是否是测试环境

var webpack = require('webpack'); //导入webpack包

var path = require('path');

module.exports = { //导出 webpack固定写法

context: path.join(__dirname),

devtool: debug ? "inline-sourcemap" : null, //是否使用map工具, 用于浏览器debug

entry: "./src/js/root.js", //打包的实体

module: {

loaders: [ //加载的配置

{

test: /\.js?$/,

exclude: /(node_modules)/,

loader: 'babel-loader',

query: {

presets: ['react', 'es2015'], //添加预处理器

plugins: ['react-html-attrs'], //添加组件的插件配置

}

},

{ test: /\.css$/, loader: 'style-loader!css-loader' },

{

test: /\.less$/,

loader: "style!css!less"

}

]

},

output: { //输出的路径及文件名

path: __dirname,

filename: "./src/bundle.js"

},

plugins: debug ? [] : [ //一些插件

new webpack.optimize.DedupePlugin(),

new webpack.optimize.OccurenceOrderPlugin(),

new webpack.optimize.UglifyJsPlugin({ mangle: false, sourcemap: false }),

],

};

webpack主要包括entry, module, output, plugins四大类, 官方文档说的已经很清楚了, 想要进一步的学习,请翻阅官方文档, 如果不想折腾直接拷贝上述代码即可.

相较gulp, webpack在打包方面更为精简, 这也是流行的原因吧, 但光看上面的文件, 的确也是简单, 但是还有进一步改善的空间.

package.json

对于npm的介绍我就不多说了, 我们直接来看文件.

{

"name": "webpack",

"version": "1.0.0",

"description": "",

"main": "index.js",

"scripts": { //命令行工具

"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",

"watch": "webpack --progress --watch",

"start": "webpack-dev-server --open --config webpack.dev.js",

"build": "webpack --config webpack.prod.js"

},

"keywords": [],

"author": "",

"license": "ISC",

"devDependencies": { //开发环境依赖

"babel-loader": "^7.1.2",

"clean-webpack-plugin": "^0.1.16",

"css-loader": "^0.28.7",

"csv-loader": "^2.1.1",

"file-loader": "^0.11.2",

"html-webpack-plugin": "^2.30.1",

"json-loader": "^0.5.7",

"lodash": "^4.17.4",

"style-loader": "^0.18.2",

"uglifyjs-webpack-plugin": "^0.4.6",

"webpack": "^3.6.0",

"webpack-dev-middleware": "^1.12.0",

"webpack-dev-server": "^2.8.2",

"webpack-merge": "^4.1.0",

"xml-loader": "^1.2.1"

},

"dependencies": { //生产环境依赖

"babel-plugin-import": "^1.5.0",

"babel-plugin-react-html-attrs": "^2.0.0",

"babel-preset-es2015": "^6.24.1",

"babel-preset-react": "^6.24.1",

"babelify": "^7.3.0",

"react": "^15.6.1",

"react-dom": "^15.6.1",

"react-mixin": "^4.0.0",

"react-router": "^4.2.0"

}

}

命令行工具就是npm run build等于执行了webpack --config webpack.prod.js, 而npm start 等于执行了webpack-dev-server --open --config webpack.dev.js.简单易懂吧.

在项目依赖中, 哦们加了很多的插件和loader, 都是用来搭建webpack的, 官方文档的教程中都会讲到, 值得注意的就是webpack-merge这个包, 这个包可以让我们生产环境和开发环境很好的隔离配置, 我们看看怎么做呢?

首先我们需要将之前的webpack.config.js分成三个文件 --- webpack.common.js, webpack.dev.js, webpack.prod.js.

webpack.common.js

这个是webpack的共同配置, 总体和之前看到的大同小异, 我们主要是导入了两个插件, 一个是清除插件, 一个是创建html的插件.

const path = require('path');

const webpack = require('webpack');

const CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin');

const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');

module.exports = {

entry: './src/index.js',

plugins: [

new CleanWebpackPlugin(['dist']),

new HtmlWebpackPlugin({title: 'webpack'}),

new webpack.HashedModuleIdsPlugin()

],

output: {

filename: '[name].[chunkhash].js',

path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist')

},

module: {

rules: [

{

test: /\.js?$/,

exclude: /(node_modules)/,

loader: 'babel-loader',

query: {

presets: [

'react', 'es2015'

],

plugins: ['react-html-attrs']

}

},

{

test: /\.css$/,

use: ['style-loader', 'css-loader']

}, {

test: /\.(png|svg|jpg|gif)$/,

use: ['file-loader']

}, {

test: /\.(woff|woff2|eot|ttf|otf)$/,

use: ['file-loader']

}, {

test: /\.(csv|tsv)$/,

use: ['csv-loader']

}, {

test: /\.xml$/,

use: ['xml-loader']

}

]

}

};

rules配置中我们也就是将一些可能用到的文件也配置到webpack中来, babel-loader这种如果要讲还可以再开一篇, 其实就是个js的兼容性工具, 这样理解就可以了.

webpack.dev.js

webpack开发环境的配置, 非常简单, 就是用了之前讲的webpack-merge工具, 就和git一样, 合并了webpack.common.js的配置外新加了可以进行调试的inline-source-map工具, 以及热更新的内容索引.

const merge = require('webpack-merge');

const common = require('./webpack.common.js');

module.exports = merge(common, {

devtool: 'inline-source-map',

devServer: {

contentBase: './dist'

}

});

webpack.prod.js

webpack生产环境的配置, 新加了一个压缩插件以及环境配置的插件, 这里的开发工具和开发还款下的有所不同, 具体可直接看官方文档.

const webpack = require('webpack');

const merge = require('webpack-merge');

const UglifyJSPlugin = require('uglifyjs-webpack-plugin');

const common = require('./webpack.common.js');

module.exports = merge(common, {

devtool: 'source-map',

plugins: [

new UglifyJSPlugin({sourceMap: true}),

new webpack.DefinePlugin({

'process.env': {

'NODE_ENV': JSON.stringify('production')

}

})

]

});

terminal

这样我们就配置完成啦, 我们在终端上输入看下效果:

cd ../ && npm i

首先我们进入到目录下并进行node包的安装.

npm run build

MacBook-Pro-15:webpack zhushuangquan$ npm run build

> webpack@1.0.0 build /Users/zhushuangquan/Documents/code/webpack

> webpack --config webpack.prod.js

clean-webpack-plugin: /Users/zhushuangquan/Documents/code/webpack/dist has been removed.

Hash: 85b65f54ef1436b295a5

Version: webpack 3.6.0

Time: 1148ms

Asset Size Chunks Chunk Names

main.014ac9aa420264da48eb.js 671 bytes 0 [emitted] main

main.014ac9aa420264da48eb.js.map 6.47 kB 0 [emitted] main

index.html 197 bytes [emitted]

[lVK7] ./src/index.js 184 bytes {0} [built]

Child html-webpack-plugin for "index.html":

1 asset

[3IRH] (webpack)/buildin/module.js 517 bytes {0} [built]

[DuR2] (webpack)/buildin/global.js 509 bytes {0} [built]

+ 2 hidden modules

我们可以看到已经打包好的文件:

main.014ac9aa420264da48eb.js

!function(e){function n(r){if(t[r])return t[r].exports;var o=t[r]={i:r,l:!1,exports:{}};return e[r].call(o.exports,o,o.exports,n),o.l=!0,o.exports}var t={};n.m=e,n.c=t,n.d=function(e,t,r){n.o(e,t)||Object.defineProperty(e,t,{configurable:!1,enumerable:!0,get:r})},n.n=function(e){var t=e&&e.__esModule?function(){return e.default}:function(){return e};return n.d(t,"a",t),t},n.o=function(e,n){return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,n)},n.p="",n(n.s="lVK7")}({lVK7:function(e,n,t){"use strict";document.body.appendChild(function(){var e=document.createElement("p");return e.innerHTML="Hello webpack",e}())}});

//# sourceMappingURL=main.014ac9aa420264da48eb.js.map

我们可以看到在webpack的打包和压缩下, 代码已经基本不可读了. 所以我们需要加上之前的调试插件, 以便生产环境出现bug后的补救.

npm start

MacBook-Pro-15:webpack zhushuangquan$ npm start

> webpack@1.0.0 start /Users/zhushuangquan/Documents/code/webpack

> webpack-dev-server --open --config webpack.dev.js

clean-webpack-plugin: /Users/zhushuangquan/Documents/code/webpack/dist has been removed.

Project is running at http://localhost:8080/

webpack output is served from /

Content not from webpack is served from ./dist

webpack: wait until bundle finished: /

Hash: 06f20ec519d58fbd5c28

Version: webpack 3.6.0

Time: 1460ms

Asset Size Chunks Chunk Names

main.5eb4d4e3f458c49658a2.js 852 kB 0 [emitted] [big] main

index.html 197 bytes [emitted]

[6Um2] (webpack)/node_modules/url/util.js 314 bytes {0} [built]

[8o/D] (webpack)-dev-server/client/overlay.js 3.71 kB {0} [built]

[HPf+] (webpack)/node_modules/url/url.js 23.3 kB {0} [built]

[Lx3u] (webpack)/hot/log.js 1.04 kB {0} [optional] [built]

[Sj28] (webpack)-dev-server/node_modules/strip-ansi/index.js 161 bytes {0} [built]

[TfA6] (webpack)/hot nonrecursive ^\.\/log$ 170 bytes {0} [built]

[U2me] (webpack)/hot/emitter.js 77 bytes {0} [built]

[V3KU] (webpack)-dev-server/client/socket.js 1.04 kB {0} [built]

[cMmS] (webpack)-dev-server/client?http://localhost:8080 7.27 kB {0} [built]

[gqsi] (webpack)-dev-server/node_modules/loglevel/lib/loglevel.js 7.74 kB {0} [built]

[0] multi (webpack)-dev-server/client?http://localhost:8080 ./src/index.js 40 bytes {0} [built]

[gt+Q] (webpack)-dev-server/node_modules/ansi-regex/index.js 135 bytes {0} [built]

[lVK7] ./src/index.js 184 bytes {0} [built]

[p7Vd] (webpack)/node_modules/punycode/punycode.js 14.7 kB {0} [built]

[pEPF] (webpack)/node_modules/querystring-es3/index.js 127 bytes {0} [built]

+ 73 hidden modules

Child html-webpack-plugin for "index.html":

1 asset

[3IRH] (webpack)/buildin/module.js 517 bytes {0} [built]

[DuR2] (webpack)/buildin/global.js 509 bytes {0} [built]

[M4fF] ./node_modules/lodash/lodash.js 540 kB {0} [built]

[a/t9] ./node_modules/html-webpack-plugin/lib/loader.js!./node_modules/html-webpack-plugin/default_index.ejs 538 bytes {0} [built]

webpack: Compiled successfully.

我们可以看到打开了一个内容为Hello webpack的网页在8080端口, 当我们修改了文件时候网页会自动刷新.

知识点:

回到我们刚才的package.json的命令行配置来看.

"scripts": { //命令行工具

"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",

"watch": "webpack --progress --watch",

"start": "webpack-dev-server --open --config webpack.dev.js",

"build": "webpack --config webpack.prod.js"

},上面的npm run build => webpack => webpack.prod.js, 就是执行了生产环境的配置的打包命令.

上面的npm start => webpack-dev-server --open => webpack.dev.js, 就是执行了开发环境配置的服务端命令.

--config是用于执行webpack配置文件的命令, 而默认为webpack.config.js.

webpack命令就是和之前的gulp的逻辑相似, 将entry实例复制到output路径的逻辑. 当然还伴随着一系列的操作.

webpack-dev-server --open命令是打开服务器并进行热加载的用途.

以上就是webpack的使用及逻辑, 并没有想象中的复杂吧, 甚至可以说是简单, 实测一天即可入门webpack.

由于webpack的配置是固定代码, 我已经打包上传github, 需要的同学可以进行下载.

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