15个必知的Mysql索引失效场景

1 联合索引不满足最左匹配原则

2 使用了select *

3 索引列参与运算

4 索引列参使用了函数

5 错误的Like使用

6 类型隐式转换

7、使用OR操作

8 两列做比较

9 不等于比较

10 is not null

11 not in和not exists

12 order by导致索引失效

13 参数不同导致索引失效

14 其他

CREATE TABLE `t_user` (
  `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'ID',
  `id_no` varchar(18) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_bin DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '身份编号',
  `username` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_bin DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户名',
  `age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '年龄',
  `create_time` datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '创建时间',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `union_idx` (`id_no`,`username`,`age`),
  KEY `create_time_idx` (`create_time`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin;

INSERT INTO `t_user` (`id`, `id_no`, `username`, `age`, `create_time`) VALUES (null, '1001', 'Tom1', 11, '2022-02-27 09:04:23');
INSERT INTO `t_user` (`id`, `id_no`, `username`, `age`, `create_time`) VALUES (null, '1002', 'Tom2', 12, '2022-02-26 09:04:23');
INSERT INTO `t_user` (`id`, `id_no`, `username`, `age`, `create_time`) VALUES (null, '1003', 'Tom3', 13, '2022-02-25 09:04:23');
INSERT INTO `t_user` (`id`, `id_no`, `username`, `age`, `create_time`) VALUES (null, '1004', 'Tom4', 14, '2023-02-25 09:04:23');

-- 删除历史存储过程
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `insert_t_user`
-- 创建存储过程
delimiter $
CREATE PROCEDURE insert_t_user(IN limit_num int)
BEGIN
 DECLARE i INT DEFAULT 10;
    DECLARE id_no varchar(18) ;
    DECLARE username varchar(32) ;
    DECLARE age TINYINT DEFAULT 1;
    WHILE i < limit_num DO
        SET id_no = CONCAT("NO", i);
        SET username = CONCAT("Tom",i);
        SET age = FLOOR(10 + RAND()*2);
        INSERT INTO `t_user` VALUES (NULL, id_no, username, age, NOW());
        SET i = i + 1;
    END WHILE;
END $
-- 调用存储过程
call insert_t_user(100);

select version();
8.0.18

explain select * from t_user where id = 1;

KEY `union_idx` (`id_no`,`username`,`age`)

explain select * from t_user where id_no = '1002';

explain select * from t_user where id_no = '1002' and username = 'Tom2';

explain select * from t_user where id_no = '1002' and age = 12;

explain select * from t_user where username = 'Tom2' and age = 12;

explain select * from t_user where age = 12;
explain select * from t_user where username = 'Tom2';

explain select id_no, username, age from t_user where username = 'Tom2';
explain select id_no, username, age from t_user where age = 12;

explain select * from t_user where id + 1 = 2 ;

-- 内存计算，得知要查询的id为1
explain select * from t_user where id = 1 ;
-- 参数侧计算
explain select * from t_user where id = 2 - 1 ;

explain select * from t_user where SUBSTR(id_no,1,3) = '100';

explain select * from t_user where id_no like '%00%';

explain select * from t_user where id_no = 1002;

explain select * from t_user where id = '2';

explain select * from t_user where id = 2 or username = 'Tom2';

explain select * from t_user where id  > 1 or id  < 80;

explain select * from t_user where id > age;

explain select * from t_user where id_no <> '1002';

explain select * from t_user where create_time != '2022-02-27 09:56:42';

explain select * from t_user where id != 2;

explain select * from t_user where id_no is not null;

explain select * from t_user where id in (2,3);

explain select * from t_user where id_no in ('1001','1002');

explain select * from t_user u1 where exists (select 1 from t_user u2 where u2.id  = 2 and u2.id = u1.id);

explain select * from t_user where id_no between '1002' and '1003';

explain select * from t_user where id_no not in('1002' , '1003');

explain select * from t_user where id not in (2,3);

explain select * from t_user u1 where not exists (select 1 from t_user u2 where u2.id  = 2 and u2.id = u1.id);

explain select * from t_user order by id_no ;

explain select * from t_user order by id_no limit 10;

explain select * from t_user order by id desc;

explain select id from t_user order by age;
explain select id , username from t_user order by age;
explain select id_no from t_user order by id_no;

explain select * from t_user order by id,id_no desc;
explain select * from t_user order by id,id_no desc limit 10;
explain select * from t_user order by id_no desc,username desc;

explain select * from t_user where create_time > '2023-02-24 09:04:23';

explain select * from t_user where create_time > '2022-02-27 09:04:23';

转载：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/iBPO4Y_Q5ANSZ9iETAdMvA