让你闭着眼睛也能写对二分搜索

转载：https://labuladong.github.io/algo/di-yi-zhan-da78c/shou-ba-sh-48c1d/wo-xie-le–9c7a4/

int binarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {
    int left = 0, right = ...;

    while(...) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
        if (nums[mid] == target) {
            ...
        } else if (nums[mid] < target) {
            left = ...
        } else if (nums[mid] > target) {
            right = ...
        }
    }
    return ...;
}

int binarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {
    int left = 0; 
    int right = nums.length - 1; // 注意

    while(left <= right) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
        if(nums[mid] == target)
            return mid; 
        else if (nums[mid] < target)
            left = mid + 1; // 注意
        else if (nums[mid] > target)
            right = mid - 1; // 注意
    }
    return -1;
}

![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/613cc0aae9234921a6bbd6267db4d4ef.png)
    //...
    while(left < right) {
        // ...
    }
    return nums[left] == target ? left : -1;

int left_bound(int[] nums, int target) {
    int left = 0;
    int right = nums.length; // 注意
    
    while (left < right) { // 注意
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
        if (nums[mid] == target) {
            right = mid;
        } else if (nums[mid] < target) {
            left = mid + 1;
        } else if (nums[mid] > target) {
            right = mid; // 注意
        }
    }
    return left;
}

while (left < right) {
    //...
}
// 如果索引越界，说明数组中无目标元素，返回 -1
if (left < 0 || left >= nums.length) {
    return -1;
}
// 判断一下 nums[left] 是不是 target
return nums[left] == target ? left : -1;

if (nums[mid] == target)
    right = mid;

int left_bound(int[] nums, int target) {
    // 搜索区间为 [left, right]
    int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;
    while (left <= right) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
        // if else ...
    }

if (nums[mid] < target) {
    // 搜索区间变为 [mid+1, right]
    left = mid + 1;
} else if (nums[mid] > target) {
    // 搜索区间变为 [left, mid-1]
    right = mid - 1;
} else if (nums[mid] == target) {
    // 收缩右侧边界
    right = mid - 1;
}

// 此时 target 比所有数都大，返回 -1
if (left == nums.length) return -1;
// 判断一下 nums[left] 是不是 target
return nums[left] == target ? left : -1;

int left_bound(int[] nums, int target) {
    int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;
    // 搜索区间为 [left, right]
    while (left <= right) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
        if (nums[mid] < target) {
            // 搜索区间变为 [mid+1, right]
            left = mid + 1;
        } else if (nums[mid] > target) {
            // 搜索区间变为 [left, mid-1]
            right = mid - 1;
        } else if (nums[mid] == target) {
            // 收缩右侧边界
            right = mid - 1;
        }
    }
    // 判断 target 是否存在于 nums 中
    // 如果越界，target 肯定不存在，返回 -1
    if (left < 0 || left >= nums.length) {
        return -1;
    }
    // 判断一下 nums[left] 是不是 target
    return nums[left] == target ? left : -1;
}

int right_bound(int[] nums, int target) {
    int left = 0, right = nums.length;
    
    while (left < right) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
        if (nums[mid] == target) {
            left = mid + 1; // 注意
        } else if (nums[mid] < target) {
            left = mid + 1;
        } else if (nums[mid] > target) {
            right = mid;
        }
    }
    return left - 1; // 注意
}

while (left < right) {
    // ...
}
// 判断 target 是否存在于 nums 中
// left - 1 索引越界的话 target 肯定不存在
if (left - 1 < 0 || left - 1 >= nums.length) {
    return -1;
}
// 判断一下 nums[left - 1] 是不是 target
return nums[left - 1] == target ? (left - 1) : -1;

int right_bound(int[] nums, int target) {
    int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;
    while (left <= right) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
        if (nums[mid] < target) {
            left = mid + 1;
        } else if (nums[mid] > target) {
            right = mid - 1;
        } else if (nums[mid] == target) {
            // 这里改成收缩左侧边界即可
            left = mid + 1;
        }
    }
    // 最后改成返回 left - 1
    if (left - 1 < 0 || left - 1 >= nums.length) {
        return -1;
    }
    return nums[left - 1] == target ? (left - 1) : -1;
}

int right_bound(int[] nums, int target) {
    int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;
    while (left <= right) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
        if (nums[mid] < target) {
            left = mid + 1;
        } else if (nums[mid] > target) {
            right = mid - 1;
        } else if (nums[mid] == target) {
            // 这里改成收缩左侧边界即可
            left = mid + 1;
        }
    }
    // 最后改成返回 right
    if (right < 0 || right >= nums.length) {
        return -1;
    }
    return nums[right] == target ? right : -1;
}

int binary_search(int[] nums, int target) {
    int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1; 
    while(left <= right) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
        if (nums[mid] < target) {
            left = mid + 1;
        } else if (nums[mid] > target) {
            right = mid - 1; 
        } else if(nums[mid] == target) {
            // 直接返回
            return mid;
        }
    }
    // 直接返回
    return -1;
}

int left_bound(int[] nums, int target) {
    int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;
    while (left <= right) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
        if (nums[mid] < target) {
            left = mid + 1;
        } else if (nums[mid] > target) {
            right = mid - 1;
        } else if (nums[mid] == target) {
            // 别返回，锁定左侧边界
            right = mid - 1;
        }
    }
    // 判断 target 是否存在于 nums 中
    if (left < 0 || left >= nums.length) {
        return -1;
    }
    // 判断一下 nums[left] 是不是 target
    return nums[left] == target ? left : -1;
}

int right_bound(int[] nums, int target) {
    int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;
    while (left <= right) {
        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
        if (nums[mid] < target) {
            left = mid + 1;
        } else if (nums[mid] > target) {
            right = mid - 1;
        } else if (nums[mid] == target) {
            // 别返回，锁定右侧边界
            left = mid + 1;
        }
    }
    // 判断 target 是否存在于 nums 中
    // if (left - 1 < 0 || left - 1 >= nums.length) {
    //     return -1;
    // }
    
    // 由于 while 的结束条件是 right == left - 1，且现在在求右边界
    // 所以用 right 替代 left - 1 更好记
    if (right < 0 || right >= nums.length) {
        return -1;
    }
    return nums[right] == target ? right : -1;
}