c语言手机通讯录退出程序,【C语言】实现一个通讯录（三：加入文件读写）

我们知道，在前两次实现中，每次测试都需要不停的添加联系人信息，而且一旦退出程序，无法保存已经输入的联系人信息。于是我们考虑到用文件将联系人信息保存起来，并且还可以在运行程序的时候将已有的联系人信息载入。

在项目里新建一个文件，类型为DAT类型文件，以二进制形式保存信息。用到两个函数：

size_t fread( void *buffer, size_tsize, size_t count, FILE *stream);

size_t fwrite( const void *buffer, size_tsize, size_t count, FILE *stream);

这是它们的函数原型。

我们用两个函数分别来实现信息的载入和保存。

void read_from_file(Pcon pcon) //从文件中读取联系人信息

{

int i = 0;

people tmp = { 0 };

FILE *pfread = fopen("cantact.dat", "r");

if (pfread == NULL)

{

perror("open file for read");

exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

}

while (fread(&tmp, sizeof(people), 1, pfread))

{

judge_full(pcon); //防止文件里的人数超过容量

pcon->human[i] = tmp;

i++;

pcon->count_p++;

}

fclose(pfread);

}

void save_to_file(Pcon pcon) //将联系人信息保存至文件

{

int i = 0;

FILE *pfwrite = fopen("cantact.dat", "w");

if (pfwrite == NULL)

{

perror("open file for write");

exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

}

for (i = 0; i < pcon->count_p; i++)

{

fwrite(&(pcon->human[i]), sizeof(people), 1, pfwrite);

}

fclose(pfwrite);

}

头文件：

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1 \\消除scanf不安全的警告

#ifndef _CONTACT_H_

#define _CONTACT_H_

#define NAME_MAX 20

#define SEX_MAX 3

#define TEL_MAX 20

#define ADDER_MAX 30

#define PEOPLE_MAX 3

#include

#include

#include

typedef struct people //定义通讯录保存的内容结构体

{

char name[NAME_MAX];

char sex[SEX_MAX];

int age;

char tel[TEL_MAX];

char adder[ADDER_MAX];

}people;

typedef struct contact //定义一个嵌套结构体。

{

int capacity;

people *human;

int count_p;

}Con, *Pcon;

void add_people(Pcon pcon); //函数接口，实现增加联系人功能

int find_people(Pcon pcon); //函数接口，实现查找联系人功能

void delete_people(Pcon pcon); //函数接口，实现删除联系人功能

void alter_people(Pcon pcon); //函数接口，实现修改联系人信息功能

void show_people(Pcon pcon); //函数接口，实现显示所有联系人功能

void clean_people(Pcon pcon); //函数接口， 实现清空联系人功能

void order_people(Pcon pcon); //函数接口，实现以名字对联系人进行排序功能。

void init(Pcon pcon); //初始化结构体

void menu(); //实现菜单功能

void free_mem(Pcon pcon);

void save_to_file(Pcon pcon); //将联系人信息保存至文件

void read_from_file(Pcon pcon); //从文件中读取联系人信息

#endif

函数实现：

#include"head.h"

void menu()

{

printf("*******************欢迎使用通讯录4.0 ***************\n");

printf(" 1.添加联系人信息 \n");

printf(" 2.删除指定联系人信息 \n");

printf(" 3.查找指定联系人信息 \n");

printf(" 4.修改指定联系人信息 \n");

printf(" 5.显示所有联系人信息 \n");

printf(" 6.清空所有联系人 \n");

printf(" 7.以名字排序所有联系人\n");

printf(" 8.退出\n");

printf("******************************************************\n");

}

void print(Pcon pcon, int i) //打印联系人信息

{

printf("| 姓名 | 性别 | 年龄 | 电话 | 住址 | \n");

printf("| %4s | %2s | %d | %6s | %6s |\n", pcon->human[i].name, pcon->human[i].sex, pcon->human[i].age,

pcon->human[i].tel, pcon->human[i].adder);

}

void judge_full(Pcon pcon) //判断当前联系人总数是否超过容量，若超过则增容

{

people *p = { 0 };

if (pcon->count_p == pcon->capacity)

{

p = (people *)realloc(pcon->human, (pcon->capacity + 3)*sizeof(people));

if (p == NULL)

{

printf("out of memery");

exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

}

else

{

pcon->human = p;

pcon->capacity += 3;

}

}

}

void add_people(Pcon pcon)

{

judge_full(pcon);

printf("请输入添加联系人的姓名，性别，年龄，电话，住址：(可用空格符或回车符隔开)\n");

scanf("%s", pcon->human[pcon->count_p].name);

scanf("%s", pcon->human[pcon->count_p].sex);

scanf("%d", &pcon->human[pcon->count_p].age);

scanf("%s", pcon->human[pcon->count_p].tel);

scanf("%s", pcon->human[pcon->count_p].adder);

print(pcon, pcon->count_p);

(pcon->count_p)++;

printf("添加成功！\n");

}

int find_people(Pcon pcon)

{

char name[NAME_MAX];

int i = 0;

printf("请输入姓名：");

scanf("%s", name);

for (i = 0; i < pcon->count_p; i++)

{

if (strcmp(pcon->human[i].name, name) == 0)

{

print(pcon, i);

return i; //若输入的姓名与联系人中的一个姓名相符，则返回该联系人的位置

}

}

printf("不存在该联系人\n");

return -1;

}

void delete_people(Pcon pcon)

{

int i = 0;

int ret = find_people(pcon);

if (ret != -1)

{

for (i = ret; i < pcon->count_p; i++)

{

pcon->human[i] = pcon->human[i + 1]; //采用移位删除法删除。

}

pcon->count_p--;

printf("删除成功！\n");

}

else

printf("不存在该联系人！\n");

}

void alter_people(Pcon pcon)

{

int ret = find_people(pcon); //接收指定联系人位置

if (ret != -1)

{

printf("请重新输入该联系人信息：(用空格符或回车符隔开)\n");

scanf("%s", pcon->human[ret].name);

scanf("%s", pcon->human[ret].sex);

scanf("%d", &pcon->human[ret].age);

scanf("%s", pcon->human[ret].tel);

scanf("%s", pcon->human[ret].adder);

print(pcon, ret);

printf("修改成功！\n");

}

}

void show_people(Pcon pcon)

{

int i = 0;

printf("| 姓名 | 性别 | 年龄 | 电话 | 住址 | \n");

for (i = 0; i < pcon->count_p; i++) //循环打印全部联系人

{

printf("| %4s | %2s | %d | %6s | %6s |\n", pcon->human[i].name, pcon->human[i].sex, pcon->human[i].age,

pcon->human[i].tel, pcon->human[i].adder);

}

}

void clean_people(Pcon pcon) //将人数置成0，即清空联系人

{

pcon->count_p = 0;

printf("成功清空！");

}

void order_people(Pcon pcon)

{

int i = 0;

for (i = 0; i < (pcon->count_p) - 1; i++) //这里采用冒泡排序

{

for (int j = 0; jcount_p) - 1 - i; j++)

{

int min = 0;

if (strcmp(pcon->human[j].name, pcon->human[j + 1].name)>0)

{

people temp = pcon->human[j];

pcon->human[j] = pcon->human[j + 1];

pcon->human[j + 1] = temp;

}

}

}

printf("排序完成\n");

show_people(pcon);

}

void init(Pcon pcon) //对结构体进行初始化。

{

pcon->capacity = PEOPLE_MAX;

people *p = (people *)malloc((PEOPLE_MAX)*sizeof(people));

if (p == NULL)

{

printf("out of memery");

exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

}

else

{

pcon->human = p;

}

memset(pcon->human, 0, (PEOPLE_MAX)* sizeof(people));

pcon->count_p = 0;

}

void free_mem(Pcon pcon)

{

free(pcon->human);

pcon->human = NULL;

}

void read_from_file(Pcon pcon) //从文件中读取联系人信息

{

int i = 0;

people tmp = { 0 };

FILE *pfread = fopen("cantact.dat", "r");

if (pfread == NULL)

{

perror("open file for read");

exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

}

while (fread(&tmp, sizeof(people), 1, pfread))

{

judge_full(pcon); //防止文件里的人数超过容量

pcon->human[i] = tmp;

i++;

pcon->count_p++;

}

fclose(pfread);

}

void save_to_file(Pcon pcon) //将联系人信息保存至文件

{

int i = 0;

FILE *pfwrite = fopen("cantact.dat", "w");

if (pfwrite == NULL)

{

perror("open file for write");

exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

}

for (i = 0; i < pcon->count_p; i++)

{

fwrite(&(pcon->human[i]), sizeof(people), 1, pfwrite);

}

fclose(pfwrite);

}

主函数：

#include"head.h"

int main()

{

Con con;

init(&con);

int num = 0;

menu();

read_from_file(&con);

while (1)

{

printf("请输入你想执行的功能序号：");

scanf("%d", &num);

switch (num)

{

case 1:

add_people(&con);

break;

case 2:

delete_people(&con);

break;

case 3:

find_people(&con);

break;

case 4:

alter_people(&con);

break;

case 5:

show_people(&con);

break;

case 6:

clean_people(&con);

break;

case 7:

order_people(&con);

break;

case 8:

save_to_file(&con);

exit(0);

break;

default:

printf("指令输入错误！");

break;

}

}

free_mem(&con);

system("pause");

return 0;

} 至此，我们的通讯录就实现了。