本文详细介绍了如何在Linux环境下手动启动和停止MySQL服务的方法。包括使用命令行方式启动和关闭MySQL服务的过程，以及通过服务方式启动和关闭MySQL服务的具体步骤。
首先需要查看下载MySQL服务的状态
[root@localhost bin]# netstat -nlpActive Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program nametcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemdtcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2482/dnsmasqtcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1071/sshdtcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1084/cupsdtcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2289/mastertcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 52044/mysqld
命令行方式启动和关闭
现在MySQL服务处于启动中，执行下列命令进行关闭操作。
[root@localhost bin]# ./mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdownEnter password:171215 09:11:29 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended[1]+ 完成 ./mysqld_safe[root@localhost bin]# netstat -nlpActive Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program nametcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemdtcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2482/dnsmasqtcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1071/sshdtcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1084/cupsdtcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2289/mastertcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemdtcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1071/sshdtcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1084/cupsdtcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 2289/masterudp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 2482/dnsmasqudp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 2482/dnsmasqudp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* 708/chronydudp 0 0 0.0.0.0:37653 0.0.0.0:* 705/avahi-daemon: rudp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 705/avahi-daemon: rudp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* 708/chronydraw6 0 0 :::58 :::* 7 800/NetworkManager
可以发现MySQL服务已经被关闭。然后执行下列命令来启动服务。
[root@localhost bin]# ./mysqld_safe &[1] 51836[root@localhost bin]# 171215 09:19:05 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.171215 09:19:05 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql[root@localhost bin]# clear[root@localhost bin]# netstat -nlpActive Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program nametcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemdtcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2482/dnsmasqtcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1071/sshdtcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1084/cupsdtcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2289/mastertcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 52044/mysqld
[root@localhost bin]# service mysql startRedirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysql.service[root@localhost bin]# netstat -nlpActive Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program nametcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemdtcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2482/dnsmasqtcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1071/sshdtcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1084/cupsdtcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2289/mastertcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 52044/mysqld
最后再执行命令将MySQL服务关闭，我使用中发现一个问题，就是服务方式打开貌似必须用服务方式关闭。
服务方式启动和关闭
通过服务先打开MySQL服务
[root@localhost bin]# service mysql startRedirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysql.service[root@localhost bin]# netstat -nlpActive Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program nametcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemdtcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2482/dnsmasqtcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1071/sshdtcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1084/cupsdtcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2289/mastertcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 56017/mysqld
看见MySQL的服务了，再通过服务的方式来关闭服务。
[root@localhost bin]# service mysql stopRedirecting to /bin/systemctl stop mysql.service[root@localhost bin]# netstat -nlpActive Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program nametcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemdtcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2482/dnsmasqtcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1071/sshdtcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1084/cupsdtcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2289/mastertcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemdtcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1071/sshdtcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1084/cupsdtcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 2289/masterudp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 2482/dnsmasqudp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 2482/dnsmasqudp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* 708/chronydudp 0 0 0.0.0.0:37653 0.0.0.0:* 705/avahi-daemon: rudp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 705/avahi-daemon: rudp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* 708/chronydraw6 0 0 :::58 :::* 7 800/NetworkManager
命令和服务方式的区别
启动一些程序服务的时候，有时候直接去程序的bin目录下去执行命令，有时候利用service启动。比如启动mysql服务时，大部分喜欢执行service mysql start。当然也可以去mysql下执行bin命令带上几个参数什么的。linux可以man一下，看出来就是去/etc/init.d下执行了可执行的shell脚本。service执行的服务脚本都是在/etc/init.d目录下，各个程序下脚本里执行的命令仍然是在各个bin下。
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