MySQL中left join on后面的条件与where后面的条件的区别

表：A、B
A 字段：id，name
B 字段：id，a_id
关键名词：主表、关联表、关联条件、筛选条件
例子：

# 主表：A、关联表：B、关联条件：A.od=B.a_id、筛选条件：B.id=1
A left join B on A.id=B.a_id and B.id=1

结论：

先放出结论，不理解往下看：

1. 表 A 和表 B 的连接依靠关联条件
2. 主表的筛选条件，应该放置在 where 条件后
3. on 后面的筛选条件是针对于关联表
4. 关联表的筛选条件，如果放置在 on 后面，那么 A 和 B 的连接顺序为：B 表先按条件查询，再与 A 表连接，即先筛选再连接；如果放置在 where 后面，那么 A 和 B 的连接顺序为：A 与 B 连接后，再从连接表中筛选，即先连接再筛选
5. where 后面的条件是对连接后的数据进行筛选。

验证结论：

• 主表的筛选条件应该放置在 where 条件后，如果放在 on 后面，对主表的查询没有意义

# 主表的筛选条件在 on 后
SELECT * from 
    edu_student est
left JOIN edu_score ese ON est.stu_id = ese.stu_id and est.stu_name='盲僧'
# 区别于
# 主表的筛选条件在 where 后
SELECT * from 
    edu_student est
left JOIN edu_score ese ON est.stu_id = ese.stu_id where est.stu_name='盲僧'

• 关联表的筛选条件，如果放置在 on 后面，先筛选在连接

# 关联表的筛选条件放在 on 后面
# 关联表先筛选再连接
SELECT * from 
    edu_student est
left JOIN edu_score ese ON est.stu_id = ese.stu_id and ese.scores > 90
# 等价于
SELECT * FROM edu_student est LEFT JOIN ( SELECT * FROM edu_score ese WHERE ese.scores > 90 ) a ON est.stu_id = a.stu_id

• 关联表的筛选条件，如果放置在 where 后面，先连接在筛选

# 关联表的筛选条件放在 where 后
# 主表、关联表先连接，再筛选
SELECT * from 
    edu_student est
left JOIN edu_score ese ON est.stu_id = ese.stu_id where ese.scores > 90

建表脚本

CREATE TABLE `edu_student` (
  `stu_id` varchar(16) NOT NULL COMMENT '学号',
  `stu_name` varchar(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '学生姓名',
  PRIMARY KEY (`stu_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='学生表';

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of edu_student
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `edu_student` VALUES ('1001', '盲僧');
INSERT INTO `edu_student` VALUES ('1002', '赵信');
INSERT INTO `edu_student` VALUES ('1003', '皇子');
INSERT INTO `edu_student` VALUES ('1004', '寒冰');
INSERT INTO `edu_student` VALUES ('1005', '蛮王');
INSERT INTO `edu_student` VALUES ('1006', '狐狸');

CREATE TABLE `edu_score` (
  `stu_id` varchar(16) NOT NULL COMMENT '学号',
  `course_no` varchar(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '课程编号',
  `scores` float DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '得分',
  PRIMARY KEY (`stu_id`,`course_no`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='成绩表';

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of edu_score
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1001', 'C001', '67');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1001', 'C002', '87');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1001', 'C003', '83');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1001', 'C004', '88');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1001', 'C005', '77');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1002', 'C001', '68');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1002', 'C002', '88');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1002', 'C003', '84');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1002', 'C004', '89');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1002', 'C005', '78');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1003', 'C001', '69');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1003', 'C002', '89');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1003', 'C003', '85');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1003', 'C004', '90');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1003', 'C005', '79');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1004', 'C001', '70');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1004', 'C002', '90');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1004', 'C003', '86');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1004', 'C004', '91');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1005', 'C001', '71');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1005', 'C002', '91');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1005', 'C003', '87');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1005', 'C004', '92');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1006', 'C001', '72');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1006', 'C002', '92');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1006', 'C003', '88');
INSERT INTO `edu_score` VALUES ('1006', 'C004', '93');