當我們想把一個變量x的取值限制在幾個預先定義的常量時,我們會怎么做呢?我們可以先定義一些常量值,然后從這些常量中選擇賦值給x。下面,讓我們假設變量x為currentDay,它的取值包含了星期天到星期五。我們可以在Java中,通過Integer的常量寫出下面的代碼:
public class Main {
public static final int SUNDAY = 0;
public static final int MONDAY = 1;
public static final int TUESDAY = 2;
public static final int WEDNESDAY = 3;
public static final int THURSDAY = 4;
public static final int FRIDAY = 5;
public static final int SATURDAY = 6;
private int currentDay = SUNDAY;
public static void main(String[] args) {
Main obj = new Main();
obj.setCurrentDay(WEDNESDAY);
int today = obj.getCurrentDay();
switch (today) {
case SUNDAY:
System.out.println("Today is SUNDAY");
break;
case MONDAY:
System.out.println("Today is MONDAY");
break;
case TUESDAY:
System.out.println("Today is TUESDAY");
break;
case WEDNESDAY:
System.out.println("Today is WEDNESDAY");
break;
case THURSDAY:
System.out.println("Today is THURSDAY");
break;
case FRIDAY:
System.out.println("Today is FRIDAY");
break;
case SATURDAY:
System.out.println("Today is SATURDAY");
break;
default:
break;
}
}
public void setCurrentDay(int currentDay) {
this.currentDay = currentDay;
}
public int getCurrentDay() {
return currentDay;
}
}
但上面的代碼會出現的問題是:我可以為currentDay設置任何的int值
obj.setCurrentDay(100);
這種情況編譯器並不會給出任何的錯誤提示。然后我們的switch/case語句會忽略掉處理這種情況。因此,對於這種情況,Java為我們提供了一種叫Enumeration(或稱Enum,枚舉)的解決方案。如果使用了Enum枚舉,我們的Java代碼將會寫成下面這樣:
public class Main {
public enum WeekDays {
SUNDAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY
}
private WeekDays currentDay = WeekDays.SUNDAY;
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Main obj = new Main();
obj.setCurrentDay(WeekDays.WEDNESDAY);
WeekDays today = obj.getCurrentDay();
switch (today) {
case SUNDAY:
System.out.println("Today is SUNDAY");
break;
case MONDAY:
System.out.println("Today is MONDAY");
break;
case TUESDAY:
System.out.println("Today is TUESDAY");
break;
case WEDNESDAY:
System.out.println("Today is WEDNESDAY");
break;
case THURSDAY:
System.out.println("Today is THURSDAY");
break;
case FRIDAY:
System.out.println("Today is FRIDAY");
break;
case SATURDAY:
System.out.println("Today is SATURDAY");
break;
default:
break;
}
}
public void setCurrentDay(WeekDays currentDay) {
this.currentDay = currentDay;
}
public WeekDays getCurrentDay() {
return currentDay;
}
}
現在我們擁有了類型安全的保障。這里我們不能再為currentDay賦予任何在WeekDays以外的值了。這是一個很大的進步,我們都應該使用多多使用。不過在Android中,這里會存在一些問題。
Enum枚舉在Android中:Enum在Java中是一個完全成熟的class。在Enum枚舉中的每一個值,都是Enum枚舉類型中的一個對象實例。因此,Enum枚舉值會比我們之前使用的常量類型占用更多的內存。即使在舊Android設備(版本 <= 2.2)上,這里也存在一些由JIT即使編譯器解決的,由Enum枚舉類型引發的性能問題。現在我們可以在Android應用中使用Enum枚舉類型,但如果我們的應用是一種非常吃緊內存的類型或者是游戲應用,那么我們最后使用int常量來代替Enum枚舉。但這導致我們上面提及的問題依然存在。
現在我們有了別的解決方案。Android的support Annotation注解庫有一些很好的annotation注解來幫助我們更早的發現bug(在編譯時期)。IntDef 和 StringDef 是兩個非常有魔力的Constant Annotation注解,我們可以使用它們來代替Enum枚舉。它們會幫助我們像Enum枚舉一樣,在編譯時期檢查變量的賦值情況。下面的代碼展示給我們如何使用IntDef代替Enum:
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
public static final int SUNDAY = 0;
public static final int MONDAY = 1;
public static final int TUESDAY = 2;
public static final int WEDNESDAY = 3;
public static final int THURSDAY = 4;
public static final int FRIDAY = 5;
public static final int SATURDAY = 6;
@IntDef({SUNDAY, MONDAY,TUESDAY,WEDNESDAY,THURSDAY,FRIDAY,SATURDAY})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
public @interface WeekDays {}
@WeekDays int currentDay = SUNDAY;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
setCurrentDay(WEDNESDAY);
@WeekDays int today = getCurrentDay();
switch (today){
case SUNDAY:
break;
case MONDAY:
break;
case TUESDAY:
break;
case WEDNESDAY:
break;
case THURSDAY:
break;
case FRIDAY:
break;
case SATURDAY:
break;
default:
break;
}
}
public void setCurrentDay(@WeekDays int currentDay) {
this.currentDay = currentDay;
}
@WeekDays
public int getCurrentDay() {
return currentDay;
}
}
現在我們不能再為currentDay和today賦予任何在WeekDays以外的值了。編譯器會檢查變量的賦值情況,並反饋給我們相應的錯誤信息。如果我們使用Android Studio,IDE還會向我們提供變量建議的功能(代碼提示)。當我們使用時,首先需要定義一些常量:
public static final int SUNDAY = 0;
public static final int MONDAY = 1;
public static final int TUESDAY = 2;
public static final int WEDNESDAY = 3;
public static final int THURSDAY = 4;
public static final int FRIDAY = 5;
public static final int SATURDAY = 6;
然后用@IntDef注解聲明這些變量
@IntDef({SUNDAY, MONDAY,TUESDAY,WEDNESDAY,THURSDAY,FRIDAY,SATURDAY})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
public @interface WeekDays {}
我們可以通過下面的代碼,設置一個變量為WeekDays類型,讓WeekDays以外的值都無法賦給該變量
@WeekDays int currentDay ;
現在,當我們想為currentDay賦予任何在WeekDays以外的值時,編譯器會提示我們相應的錯誤信息。設置方法的參數以及返回值為WeekDays的方法如下:
public void setCurrentDay(@WeekDays int currentDay) {
this.currentDay = currentDay;
}
@WeekDays
public int getCurrentDay() {
return currentDay;
@StringDef也能以同樣的方式應用
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
public static final String SUNDAY = "sunday";
public static final String MONDAY = "monday";
public static final String TUESDAY = "tuesday";
public static final String WEDNESDAY = "wednesday";
public static final String THURSDAY = "thursday";
public static final String FRIDAY = "friday";
public static final String SATURDAY = "saturday";
@StringDef({SUNDAY, MONDAY,TUESDAY,WEDNESDAY,THURSDAY,FRIDAY,SATURDAY})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
public @interface WeekDays {}
@WeekDays String currentDay = SUNDAY;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
setCurrentDay(WEDNESDAY);
@WeekDays String today = getCurrentDay();
switch (today){
case SUNDAY:
break;
case MONDAY:
break;
case TUESDAY:
break;
case WEDNESDAY:
break;
case THURSDAY:
break;
case FRIDAY:
break;
case SATURDAY:
break;
default:
break;
}
}
public void setCurrentDay(@WeekDays String currentDay) {
this.currentDay = currentDay;
}
@WeekDays
public String getCurrentDay() {
return currentDay;
}
}
想要使用以上的功能,你需要為你的工程添加support-annotation庫的依賴。如果你使用的是Android Studio,那么請在你的Gradle依賴腳本下添加下面代碼
dependencies {
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
...
compile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:22.0.0'
}
你可以點擊
這里查看更多關於Android support annotation庫的內容。