catch语句块可以抛出异常
catch中捕获异常可以被重新解释后抛出
- 为了统一异常类型
示例
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
void Demo()
{
try
{
try
{
throw 0;
}
catch(int i)
{
cout << "catch(int i)" << endl;
throw i;
}
catch(...)
{
cout << "catch(...) in" << endl;
throw;
}
}
catch(...)
{
cout << "catch(...) out" << endl;
}
}
/*
void func(int i)
异常int
-1 ==》参数
-2 ==》运行
-3 ==》超时
*/
void func(int i)
{
if( i<0 )
{
throw -1;
}
if( i>100 )
{
throw -2;
}
if( i==11 )
{
throw -3;
}
cout << "run func" << endl;
}
void Myfunc(int i)
{
try
{
func(i);
}
catch(int i)
{
switch(i)
{
case -1:
throw "invalid Paramter";
break;
case -2:
throw "Run Exception";
break;
case -3:
throw "Timeout Exception";
break;
}
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
try
{
Myfunc(11);
}
catch (const char* cs)
{
cout << "Exception Info:" << cs << endl;
}
return 0;
}
异常处理规则
引用作为参数,避开拷贝构造提供程序的效率
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Base
{
};
class Exception : public Base
{
int m_id;
string m_desc;
public:
Exception(int id, string desc)
{
m_id = id;
m_desc = desc;
}
int id() const
{
return m_id;
}
string description() const
{
return m_desc;
}
};
/*
void func(int i)
异常int
-1 ==》参数
-2 ==》运行
-3 ==》超时
*/
void func(int i)
{
if( i<0 )
{
throw -1;
}
if( i>100 )
{
throw -2;
}
if( i==11 )
{
throw -3;
}
cout << "run func" << endl;
}
void Myfunc(int i)
{
try
{
func(i);
}
catch(int i)
{
switch(i)
{
case -1:
throw Exception(-1, "invalid Paramter");
break;
case -2:
throw Exception(-2, "Run Exception");
break;
case -3:
throw Exception(-3, "Timeout Exception");
break;
}
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
try
{
Myfunc(11);
}
catch (const Exception& e)//防止拷贝构造???, const对象
{
cout << "Exception Info:" << endl;
cout << " ID:" << e.id() <<endl;
cout << " Description: " << e.description() << endl;
}
catch(const Base& b)//父类异常要放在子类异常下面,否则将无法进入子类异常,(子类异常必然属于父类异常,赋值兼容性原则)
{
cout << "catch(const Base& b): " << endl;
}
return 0;
}
#ifndef _ARRAY_H_
#define _ARRAY_H_
#include <exception>
using namespace std;
template
< typename T, int N >
class Array
{
T m_array[N];
public:
int length() const;
bool set(int index, T value);
bool get(int index, T& value);
T& operator[] (int index);
T operator[] (int index) const;
virtual ~Array();
};
template
< typename T, int N >
int Array<T, N>::length() const
{
return N;
}
template
< typename T, int N >
bool Array<T, N>::set(int index, T value)
{
bool ret = (0 <= index) && (index < N);
if( ret )
{
m_array[index] = value;
}
return ret;
}
template
< typename T, int N >
bool Array<T, N>::get(int index, T& value)
{
bool ret = (0 <= index) && (index < N);
if( ret )
{
value = m_array[index];
}
return ret;
}
template
< typename T, int N >
T& Array<T, N>::operator[] (int index)
{
if( (0 <= index) && (index < N) )
{
return m_array[index];
}
else
{
throw out_of_range("T& Array<T, N>::operator[] (int index)");
}
}
template
< typename T, int N >
T Array<T, N>::operator[] (int index) const
{
if( (0 <= index) && (index < N) )
{
return m_array[index];
}
else
{
throw out_of_range("T Array<T, N>::operator[] (int index) const");
}
}
template
< typename T, int N >
Array<T, N>::~Array()
{
}
#endif
#ifndef _HEAPARRAY_H_
#define _HEAPARRAY_H_
#include <stdexcept>
using namespace std;
template
< typename T >
class HeapArray
{
private:
int m_length;
T* m_pointer;
HeapArray(int len);
HeapArray(const HeapArray<T>& obj);
bool construct();
public:
static HeapArray<T>* NewInstance(int length);
int length() const;
bool get(int index, T& value);
bool set(int index ,T value);
T& operator [] (int index);
T operator [] (int index) const;
HeapArray<T>& self();
const HeapArray<T>& self() const;
~HeapArray();
};
template
< typename T >
HeapArray<T>::HeapArray(int len)
{
m_length = len;
}
template
< typename T >
bool HeapArray<T>::construct()
{
m_pointer = new T[m_length];
return m_pointer != NULL;
}
template
< typename T >
HeapArray<T>* HeapArray<T>::NewInstance(int length)
{
HeapArray<T>* ret = new HeapArray<T>(length);
if( !(ret && ret->construct()) )
{
delete ret;
ret = 0;
}
return ret;
}
template
< typename T >
int HeapArray<T>::length() const
{
return m_length;
}
template
< typename T >
bool HeapArray<T>::get(int index, T& value)
{
bool ret = (0 <= index) && (index < length());
if( ret )
{
value = m_pointer[index];
}
return ret;
}
template
< typename T >
bool HeapArray<T>::set(int index, T value)
{
bool ret = (0 <= index) && (index < length());
if( ret )
{
m_pointer[index] = value;
}
return ret;
}
template
< typename T >
T& HeapArray<T>::operator [] (int index)
{
bool ret = (0 <= index) && (index < length());
if(ret)
{
return m_pointer[index];
}
else
{
throw out_of_range("T& HeapArray<T>::operator [] (int index)");
}
}
template
< typename T >
T HeapArray<T>::operator [] (int index) const
{
if( (0 <= index) && (index < length()) )
{
return m_pointer[index];
}
else
{
throw out_of_range("T HeapArray<T>::operator [] (int index) const");
}
}
template
< typename T >
HeapArray<T>& HeapArray<T>::self()
{
return *this;
}
template
< typename T >
const HeapArray<T>& HeapArray<T>::self() const
{
return *this;
}
template
< typename T >
HeapArray<T>::~HeapArray()
{
delete[]m_pointer;
}
#endif
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "Array.h"
#include "HeapArray.h"
void TestArray()
{
Array<int, 5> a;
for(int i=0; i<a.length(); i++)
{
a[i] = i;
}
for(int i=0; i<a.length(); i++)
{
cout << a[i] << endl;
}
}
void TestHeapArray()
{
HeapArray<double>* pa = HeapArray<double>::NewInstance(5);//二阶构造
if(pa!= NULL)
{
HeapArray<double>& array = pa->self();
for(int i=0; i<array.length(); i++)
{
array[i] = i;
}
for(int i=0; i<array.length(); i++)
{
cout << array[i] << endl;
}
}
delete pa;//不用delete则需要智能指针
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
try
{
TestArray();
cout << endl;
TestHeapArray();
}
catch(...)
{
cout << "Execption" << endl;
}
return 0;
}
小结
- catch语句野可以抛出异常
- 异常类型可以自定义类型(子类上父类下)
- 赋值兼容性原则在异常匹配中依然适用
- 标准库异常从exception类派生的