此文转载https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38641983/article/details/80899354#commentsedit
在此非常感谢原文作者分享思路和代码,本人转载,如有不当之处,联系本人删除。
上面连接有原作者思路和过程。自己稍作修改了下。但还是有问题。
import requests
import time
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import Image
import os
import numpy as np
# 获取验证码的网址
CAPT_URL = "http://my.cnki.net/elibregister/CheckCode.aspx"
# 验证码的保存路径
CAPT_PATH = "capt/"
if not os.path.exists(CAPT_PATH):
os.mkdir(CAPT_PATH)
# 将验证码转为灰度图时用到的"lookup table"
THRESHOLD = 165
LUT = [0]*THRESHOLD + [1]*(256 - THRESHOLD)
# 从网站获取验证码
def capt_fetch():
"""
从网站获取验证码,将验证码转为Image对象
:require requests: import requests
:require time: import time
:require BytesIO: from io import BytesIO
:require Image: from PIL import Image
:param:
:return capt: 一个Image对象
"""
# 从网站获取验证码
capt_raw = requests.get(CAPT_URL)
# 将二进制的验证码图片写入IO流
f = BytesIO(capt_raw.content)
# 将验证码转换为Image对象
capt = Image.open(f)
return capt
# 验证码保存到本地
def capt_download():
"""
将Image类型的验证码对象保存到本地
:require Image: from PIL import Image
:require os: import os
:require capt_fetch(): 从nbsc网站获取验证码
:require CAPT_PATH: 验证码保存路径
:param:
:return:
"""
capt = capt_fetch()
capt.show()
text = input("请输入验证码中的字符:")
suffix = str(int(time.time() * 1e3))
capt.save(CAPT_PATH + text + "_" + suffix + ".jpg")
# 图片预处理
def capt_process(capt):
"""
图像预处理:将验证码图片转为二值型图片,按字符切割
:require Image: from PIL import Image
:require LUT: A lookup table, 包含256个值
:param capt: 验证码Image对象
:return capt_per_char_list: 一个数组包含四个元素,每个元素是一张包含单个字符的二值型图片
"""
capt_gray = capt.convert("L")
capt_bw = capt_gray.point(LUT, "1")
capt_per_char_list = []
for i in range(4):
x = 5 + i * 15
y = 2
capt_per_char = capt_bw.crop((x, y, x + 15, y + 18))
capt_per_char_list.append(capt_per_char)
return capt_per_char_list
# 提取图片中的特征值
def capt_inference(capt_per_char):
"""
提取图像特征
:require numpy: import numpy as np
:param capt_per_char: 由单个字符组成的二值型图片
:return char_features:一个数组,包含 capt_per_char中字符的特征
"""
char_array = np.array(capt_per_char)
total_pixels = np.sum(char_array)
cols_pixels = np.sum(char_array, 0)
rows_pixels = np.sum(char_array, 1)
char_features = np.append(cols_pixels, rows_pixels)
char_features = np.append(total_pixels, char_features)
return char_features.tolist()
# 生成训练集
def train():
"""
将预分类的验证码图片集转化为字符特征训练集
:require Image: from PIL import Image
:require os: import os
:require capt_process(): 图像预处理
:require capt_inference(): 提取图像特征
:param:
:return train_table: 验证码字符特征训练集
:return train_labels: 验证码字符预分类结果
"""
files = os.listdir(CAPT_PATH)
train_table = []
train_labels = []
for f in files:
train_labels += list(f.split("_")[0])
capt = Image.open(CAPT_PATH + f)
capt_per_char_list = capt_process(capt)
for capt_per_char in capt_per_char_list:
char_features = capt_inference(capt_per_char)
train_table.append(char_features)
return train_table, train_labels
# 定义分类模型
def nnc(train_table, test_vec, train_labels):
"""
Nearest Neighbour Classification(近邻分类法),
根据已知特征矩阵的分类情况,预测未分类的特征向量所属类别
:require numpy: import numpy as np
:param train_table: 预分类的特征矩阵
:param test_vec: 特征向量, 长度必须与矩阵的列数相等
:param labels: 特征矩阵的类别向量
:return : 预测特征向量所属的类别
"""
dist_mat = np.square(np.subtract(train_table, test_vec))
dist_vec = np.sum(dist_mat, axis = 1)
pos = np.argmin(dist_vec)
return train_labels[pos]
# 测试模型分类效果
def test():
"""
测试模型分类效果
:require Image: from PIL import Image
:require capt_fetch(): 从nbsc网站获取验证码
:require capt_process(): 图像预处理
:require capt_inference(): 提取图像特征
:train_table, train_labels: train_table, train_labels = train()
:param:
:return capt: 验证码图片
:return test_labels: 验证码识别结果
"""
test_labels = []
capt = capt_fetch()
capt_per_char_list = capt_process(capt)
for capt_per_char in capt_per_char_list:
char_features = capt_inference(capt_per_char)
label = nnc(train_table, char_features, train_labels)
test_labels.append(label)
test_labels = "".join(test_labels)
return capt, test_labels
# 训练数据,识别验证码
# 下载120张图片到本地
for i in range(1):
capt_download()
# 模型的训练与测试
train_table, train_labels = train()
test_capt, test_labels = test()
print(test_labels)
测试了仅50次,只正确验证了一次。往大佬帮忙修改修改、谢谢!!!