[Errno 28] No space left on device —— Hyper虚拟机扩展 /dev/mapper/cl-root文件系统扩容

问题描述：在下载python包时，报错：

ERROR: Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: [Errno 28] No space left on device

问题排查: 发现/dev/mapper/cl-root文件系统占用已达到100%

[elasticsearch@localhost ~]$ df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs             1.4G     0  1.4G   0% /dev
tmpfs                1.4G  4.0K  1.4G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                1.4G  8.5M  1.4G   1% /run
tmpfs                1.4G     0  1.4G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-root   16G   16G  147M 100% /
/dev/sda2            976M  133M  777M  15% /boot
/dev/sda1            599M  6.8M  593M   2% /boot/efi
tmpfs                278M     0  278M   0% /run/user/1001
tmpfs                278M     0  278M   0% /run/user/1002

其他方法，来源于网络：

1. 彻底清除 rm 命令残留的文件 【尝试后，发现并不适合，从100%变成了99%，应该是我本来残留的文件就不大】
2. 将其他文件系统的容量分配给root文件系统一些【我并没有用，我的理解是，其他的也不多】

最终我决定进行扩容，我的虚拟机是用Hyper-V进行管理的。

关闭虚拟机，设置虚拟机，磁盘管理，扩容50G

[elasticsearch@localhost ~]$ lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda           8:0    0  100G  0 disk 
├─sda1        8:1    0  600M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2        8:2    0    1G  0 part /boot
├─sda3        8:3    0 18.4G  0 part 
│ ├─cl-root 253:0    0 46.4G  0 lvm  /
│ └─cl-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
└─sda4        8:4    0   30G  0 part 
  └─cl-root 253:0    0 46.4G  0 lvm  /
sr0          11:0    1    7G  0 rom  
[elasticsearch@localhost ~]$ fdisk /dev/sda

 看到，sda已经100G了，后来我对其进行了一次30G扩容。决定在进行10G扩容

创建分区：忘了写 + 号，报错两次，哈哈哈

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): n
Partition number (5-128, default 5): 
First sector (104855552-209715166, default 104855552): 
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (104855552-209715166, default 209715166): 10G
Value out of range.
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (104855552-209715166, default 209715166): 5G
Value out of range.
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (104855552-209715166, default 209715166): +10G

Created a new partition 5 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 10 GiB.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.

查看分区：已创建 sda5

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda           8:0    0  100G  0 disk 
├─sda1        8:1    0  600M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2        8:2    0    1G  0 part /boot
├─sda3        8:3    0 18.4G  0 part 
│ ├─cl-root 253:0    0 46.4G  0 lvm  /
│ └─cl-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
├─sda4        8:4    0   30G  0 part 
│ └─cl-root 253:0    0 46.4G  0 lvm  /
└─sda5        8:5    0   10G  0 part 
sr0          11:0    1    7G  0 rom  

扩容：创建物理卷

[root@localhost ~]# lvm
lvm> pvcreate /dev/sda5
  Physical volume "/dev/sda5" successfully created.
lvm> pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               cl
  PV Size               18.41 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4713
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          4713
  PV UUID               L5rZ2u-wT9S-TMBL-1b48-2cPp-dgUs-19ZdzX
   
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda4
  VG Name               cl
  PV Size               30.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              7679
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          7679
  PV UUID               j4bUmo-lAgX-RwBP-ID0h-DlkZ-xoR1-TdSxpM
   
  "/dev/sda5" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda5
  VG Name               
  PV Size               10.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               weC1Mt-2sZM-XUGV-tRRk-hwv2-ffck-ByphVV

将物理卷加入到卷组

lvm> vgextend cl /dev/sda5
  Volume group "cl" successfully extended
lvm> vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               cl
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        3
  Metadata Sequence No  6
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                3
  Act PV                3
  VG Size               58.40 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              14951
  Alloc PE / Size       12392 / <48.41 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       2559 / <10.00 GiB
  VG UUID               1KixID-ckoX-S7L6-nEe0-pILr-G7Lj-jltxxb
   
lvm> lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/cl/root
  Size of logical volume cl/root changed from <46.41 GiB (11880 extents) to 56.40 GiB (14439 extents).
  Logical volume cl/root successfully resized.
lvm> exit
  Exiting.

同步到文件系统, 对 / 目录进行扩容

[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /
meta-data=/dev/mapper/cl-root    isize=512    agcount=12, agsize=1075456 blks
         =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=12165120, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 12165120 to 14785536

查看结果： df -h

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs             1.4G     0  1.4G   0% /dev
tmpfs                1.4G  4.0K  1.4G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                1.4G  8.5M  1.4G   1% /run
tmpfs                1.4G     0  1.4G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-root   57G   16G   41G  28% /
/dev/sda2            976M  133M  777M  15% /boot
/dev/sda1            599M  6.8M  593M   2% /boot/efi
tmpfs                278M     0  278M   0% /run/user/1001
tmpfs                278M     0  278M   0% /run/user/1002
tmpfs                278M     0  278M   0% /run/user/0

约为16G + 30G + 10G = 56G 约等于 57G