oracle常用操作之数据字典运用

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-21 14:07:33 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-05-21 14:07:33 发布

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分类专栏： Oracle 数据仓库

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42219287/article/details/85037811

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oracle常用的数据字典的用法

1、用户层面user_

查看用户下所有的表

select * from user_tables;

查看当前用户的缺省表空间

select username,default_tablespace from user_users;

查看当前用户的角色

select * from user_role_privs;

查看当前用户的系统权限和表级权限

select * from user_sys_privs; --系统权限
select * from user_tab_privs; --表级权限

显示当前会话所具有的权限

select * from session_privs;

显示指定用户所具有的系统权限

select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='GAME';

2、表层面

查看用户下所有的表

select * from user_tables;

查看名称包含log字符的表

select object_name,object_id from user_objects
where instr(object_name,'LOG')>0;

查看某表的创建时间

select object_name,created from user_objects where object_name=upper('&table_name');

查看某表的大小

select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments
where segment_name=upper('&table_name');

查看放在ORACLE的内存区里的表

select table_name,cache from user_tables where instr(cache,'Y')>0;

3、索引

查看索引个数和类别

select index_name,index_type,table_name from user_indexes order by table_name;

查看索引被索引的字段

select * from user_ind_columns where index_name=upper('&index_name');

查看索引的大小

select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments
where segment_name=upper('&index_name');

4、序列号

查看序列号，last_number是当前值

select * from user_sequences;

5、视图

查看视图的名称

select view_name from user_views;

查看创建视图的select语句

set view_name,text_length from user_views;
set long 2000; 说明：可以根据视图的text_length值设定set long 的大小
select text from user_views where view_name=upper('&view_name');

6、同义词

查看同义词的名称

select * from user_synonyms;

7、约束条件

查看某表的约束条件

select constraint_name, constraint_type,search_condition, r_constraint_name
from user_constraints where table_name = upper('&table_name');

select c.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_name
from user_constraints c,user_cons_columns cc
where c.owner = upper('&table_owner') and c.table_name = upper('&table_name')
and c.owner = cc.owner and c.constraint_name = cc.constraint_name
order by cc.position;

8、存储函数和过程

查看函数和过程的状态

select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='FUNCTION';
select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='PROCEDURE';

查看函数和过程的源代码

select text from all_source where owner=user and name=upper('&plsql_name');

常用SQL查询：
1、查看表空间的名称及大小

SELECT a.tablespace_name "表空间名", 
round(total / (1024 * 1024 ),0) "表空间(M)", 
round((total - free) / (1024 * 1024 ),0) "已使用(M)", 
round(free / (1024 * 1024 ),0) "剩余(M)", 
round((total - free) / total, 3) * 100||'%'  "使用率" 
FROM (SELECT tablespace_name, SUM(bytes) free 
FROM dba_free_space 
GROUP BY tablespace_name) a, 
(SELECT tablespace_name, SUM(bytes) total 
FROM dba_data_files 
GROUP BY tablespace_name) b 
WHERE a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name

--当前用户对应各个表名、使用情况
Select Segment_Name "表明"
       ,Sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 "表大小(M)"
  From User_Extents
 Group By Segment_Name;

2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小

select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,
round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space
from dba_data_files
order by tablespace_name;

3、查看回滚段名称及大小

select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status, 
(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent, 
max_extents, v.curext CurExtent
From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v
Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
order by segment_name;

4、查看控制文件

select name from v$controlfile;

5、查看日志文件

select member from v$logfile;

6、查看数据库库对象

select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;

7、查看数据库的版本　

Select version FROM Product_component_version 
Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';

8、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式

Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;

9、捕捉运行很久的SQL

column username format a12 
column opname format a16 
column progress format a8 


select username,sid,opname, 
      round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress, 
      time_remaining,sql_text 
from v$session_longops , v$sql 
where time_remaining <> 0 
and sql_address = address 
and sql_hash_value = hash_value
 
11。查看数据表的参数信息
SELECT   partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,
        pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,
        next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,
        freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,
        empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,
        last_analyzed
   FROM dba_tab_partitions
  --WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner
ORDER BY partition_position

10、查看还没提交的事务

select * from v$locked_object;
select * from v$transaction;

11、查找object为哪些进程所用

select 
p.spid,
s.sid,
s.serial# serial_num,
s.username user_name,
a.type  object_type,
s.osuser os_user_name,
a.owner,
a.object object_name,
decode(sign(48 - command),
1,
to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,
p.program oracle_process,
s.terminal terminal,
s.program program,
s.status session_status   
from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p   
where s.paddr = p.addr and
     s.type = 'USER' and    
     a.sid = s.sid   and
  a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR'
order by s.username, s.osuser

12、回滚段查看

select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents 
Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs, 
v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes, 
sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs, 
v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and 
v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum

13、耗资源的进程（top session）

select s.schemaname schema_name,    decode(sign(48 - command), 1, 
to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,    status 
session_status,   s.osuser os_user_name,   s.sid,         p.spid ,         s.serial# serial_num,   
nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name,   s.terminal terminal,    
s.program program,   st.value criteria_value  from v$sesstat st,   v$session s  , v$process p   
where st.sid = s.sid and   st.statistic# = to_number('38') and   ('ALL' = 'ALL' 
or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc,  p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc

14、查看锁（lock）情况

select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name,   ls.username user_name,   
decode(ls.type, 'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock', 'TX', 
'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') lock_type,   
o.object_name object,   decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, 'Row Share', 3, 
'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', null) 
lock_mode,    o.owner,   ls.sid,   ls.serial# serial_num,   ls.id1,   ls.id2    
from sys.dba_objects o, (   select s.osuser,    s.username,    l.type,     
l.lmode,    s.sid,    s.serial#,    l.id1,    l.id2   from v$session s,     
v$lock l   where s.sid = l.sid ) ls  where o.object_id = ls.id1 and    o.owner 
<> 'SYS'   order by o.owner, o.object_name

15、查看等待（wait）情况

SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value 
FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets', 
'consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count

16、查看sga情况

SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC

17、查看catched object

SELECT owner, name,db_link,namespace,type,sharable_mem,loads,executions,   
          locks,pins,kept FROM v$db_object_cache

18、查看V$SQLAREA

SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS, 
VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS, 
USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,
BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA

19、查看object分类数量

select decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 
'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) object_type , count(*) quantity from 
sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 
, 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) union select 
'COLUMN' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select 'DB LINK' , count(*) from

20、按用户查看object种类

select u.name schema,   sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes,   
sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables,   sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL)) 
clusters,   sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views,   sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1, 
NULL)) synonyms,   sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences,   
sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1)) 
others   from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u   where o.type# >= 1 and    u.user# = 
o.owner# and   u.name <> 'PUBLIC'   group by u.name    order by 
sys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT' , count(*) from sys.con$

21、有关connection的相关信息
1）查看有哪些用户连接

select s.osuser os_user_name,    decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command),
'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,     p.program oracle_process,     
status session_status,    s.terminal terminal,    s.program program,    
s.username user_name,    s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter,    '' query,    
0 memory,    0 max_memory,     0 cpu_usage,    s.sid,   s.serial# serial_num    
from v$session s,    v$process p   where s.paddr=p.addr and    s.type = 'USER'  
order by s.username, s.osuser

2）根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况

select n.name, 
 v.value, 
 n.class,
 n.statistic#  
from  v$statname n, 
 v$sesstat v 
where v.sid = 71 and 
 v.statistic# = n.statistic# 
order by n.class, n.statistic#

3）根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql

select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */
 command_type, 
 sql_text, 
 sharable_mem, 
 persistent_mem, 
 runtime_mem, 
 sorts, 
 version_count, 
 loaded_versions, 
 open_versions, 
 users_opening, 
 executions, 
 users_executing, 
 loads, 
 first_load_time, 
 invalidations, 
 parse_calls, 
 disk_reads, 
 buffer_gets, 
 rows_processed,
 sysdate start_time,
 sysdate finish_time,
 '>' || address sql_address,
 'N' status 
from v$sqlarea
where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)

22、查询表空间使用情况

select a.tablespace_name "表空间名称",
100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "占用率(%)",
round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)",
round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空闲(M)",
round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)",
Largest "最大扩展段(M)",
to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "采样时间" 
from  (select f.tablespace_name,
   sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,
   sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes)) maxbytes 
from dba_data_files f 
group by tablespace_name) a,
(select  f.tablespace_name,
    sum(f.bytes) bytes_free 
from dba_free_space f 
group by tablespace_name) b,
(select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest,
   ts.name tablespace_name 
from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts 
where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts# 
group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c 
where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name

23、查询表空间的碎片程度

select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name 
having count(tablespace_name)>10; 


alter tablespace name coalesce; 
alter table name deallocate unused; 


create or replace view ts_blocks_v as 
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space 
union all 
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents; 


select * from ts_blocks_v; 


select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space 
group by tablespace_name;

24、查询有哪些数据库实例在运行

select inst_name from v$active_instances;
//取得服务器的IP 地址
select utl_inaddr.get_host_address from dual
//取得客户端的IP地址
select sys_context('userenv','host'),sys_context('userenv','ip_address') from dua