linux中s权限6751,linux命令总结之state命令(示例代码)

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-21 16:47:47 发布

李雁儿门儿

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-21 16:47:47 发布

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ls 命令及其许多参数提供了一些非常有用的文件信息。另一个不太为人所熟知的命令 stat 提供了一些更为有用的信息。

1 [[email protected] scripts]# man stat

2 STAT(1) User Commands STAT(1)3

4 NAME5 stat - display file or filesystem status6

7 SYNOPSIS8 stat[OPTION]... FILE...9

10 DESCRIPTION11 Display file or filesystem status.12

13 -L, --dereference14 follow links15

16 :17 STAT(1) User Commands STAT(1)18

19 NAME20 stat - display file or filesystem status21

22 SYNOPSIS23 stat[OPTION]... FILE...24

25 DESCRIPTION26 Display file or filesystem status.27

28 -L, --dereference29 follow links30

31 -Z, --context32 print the SELinux security context33

34 -f, --file-system35 display file system status instead of filestatus36

37 -c --format=FORMAT38 use the specified FORMAT instead of the default; output a newline39 after each use of FORMAT40

41 --printf=FORMAT42 like --format, but interpret backslash escapes, and donot output a43 mandatory trailing newline. If you want a newline, include \n in

44 FORMAT.45

46 -t, --terse47 print the information interse form48

49 --help display this help and exit50

51 --version52 output version information and exit53

54 The valid format sequences for files (without --file-system):55

56 %a Access rights inoctal57

58 %A Access rights inhuman readable form59

60 %b Number of blocks allocated (see %B)61

62 %B The size in bytes of each block reported by %b63

64 %C SELinux security context string

66 %d Device number in decimal

68 %D Device number inhex69

70 %f Raw mode inhex71

72 %F File type73

74 %g Group ID of owner75

76 %G Group name of owner77

78 %h Number of hard links79

80 %i Inode number81

82 %n File name83

84 %N Quoted file name with dereference ifsymbolic link85

86 %o I/O block size87

88 %s Total size, inbytes89

90 %t Major device type inhex91

92 %T Minor device type inhex93

94 %u User ID of owner95

96 %U User name of owner97

98 %x Time of lastaccess99

100 %X Time of lastaccess as seconds since Epoch101

102 %y Time of lastmodification103

104 %Y Time of lastmodification as seconds since Epoch105

106 %z Time of lastchange107

108 %Z Time of lastchange as seconds since Epoch109

110 Valid format sequences for filesystems:111

112 %a Free blocks available to non-superuser113

114 %b Total data blocks in filesystem115

116 %c Total file nodes in filesystem117

118 %d Free file nodes in filesystem119

120 %f Free blocks in filesystem121

122 %C SELinux security context string

123

124 %i File System ID inhex125

126 %l Maximum length of filenames127

128 %n File name129

130 %s Block size (forfaster transfers)131

132 %S Fundamental block size (forblock counts)133

134 %t Type inhex135

136 %T Type inhuman readable form137

138 NOTE: your shell may have its own version of stat, which usually super-

139 sedes the version described here. Please refer to your shell’s documenta-

140 tion fordetails about the options it supports.141

142 AUTHOR143 Written by Michael Meskes.144

145 REPORTING BUGS146 Report stat bugs to bug-147 GNU coreutils home page:

148 General help using GNU software:

149 Report stat translation bugs to

150

151 COPYRIGHT152 Copyright ? 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL153 version 3 or later .

154 This is free software: you are freeto change and redistribute it. There155 is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.156

157 SEE ALSO158 stat(2)159

160 The full documentation for statis maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the161 info and statprograms are properly installed at your site, the command162

163 info coreutils ‘stat invocation‘

164

165 should give you access to the complete manual.166

167 GNU coreutils 8.4 October 2014 STAT(1)

man stat

下面演示了stat 不带参数显示的信息：

[[email protected] scripts]# stat date.txt

File: `date.txt‘

Size: 40 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file

Device: 803h/2051d Inode: 261790 Links: 1

Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)

Access: 2017-01-29 10:49:25.119790781 +0800

Modify: 2017-01-29 10:49:11.961790098 +0800

Change: 2017-01-29 10:49:11.961790098 +0800

注意使用该命令获得的信息：除了通常的文件大小(也可以使用 ls -l 命令获得)以外，您还获得了该文件占用的块数。通常的 Linux 块大小为 512 字节，因此一个大小为 93,300,148 字节的文件将占用 (93300148/512=) 182226.85 个块。由于块都是完整占用，因此该文件使用了一些整数个数的块。无需猜测就可以获得确切的块数。

您还可以从以上输出中获得文件所有权的 GID 和 UID，以及权限的八进制表示形式 (6751)。如果要将文件恢复到它现在具有的相同权限，可以使用 chmod 6751 oracle，而不是显式拼写这些权限。

以上输出最有用的部分是文件访问时间戳信息。该输出显示，该文件被访问的时间是 2006-08-04 04:30:52(显示在“Access:”的旁边)，即 2006 年 8 月 4 日上午 4:30:52。这是某个人开始使用数据库的时间。该文件的修改时间是 2005-11-02 11:49:47(显示在“Modify:”的旁边)。最后，“Change:”旁边的时间戳显示文件状态更改的时间。

stat 命令的修改符 -f 显示了有关文件系统(而非文件)的信息：

[[email protected] scripts]# stat -f date.txt

File: "date.txt"

ID: ff0d2532e41897c0 Namelen: 255 Type: ext2/ext3

Block size: 4096 Fundamental block size: 4096

Blocks: Total: 1851748 Free: 1286127 Available: 1190396

Inodes: Total: 479552 Free: 409340

另一个选项 -t 显示了完全相同的信息，只不过是在一行中显示的：

[[email protected] scripts]# stat -t date.txt

date.txt 40 8 81a4 0 0 803 261790 1 0 0 1485658165 1485658151 1485658151 4096

这对 shell 脚本非常有用，在 shell 脚本中可以使用一个简单的 cut 命令获得值以进行进一步处理。

应用案例：