fibnacci

内存缓存 通过在内存中缓存和重复利用相同计算的结果，称之为内存缓存
内存缓存的技术在使用计算成本相对昂贵的函数时非常有用，譬如大量进行相同参数的运算。这种技术还可以应用于纯函数中，即相同输入必定获得相同输出的函数

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)


const LIM = 41

var fibs [LIM]uint64

func main() {
	var result uint64 = 0
	start := time.Now()
	for i := 0; i < LIM; i++ {
		result = fibonacci(i)
		fmt.Printf("fibonacci(%d) is: %d\n", i, result)
	}
	end := time.Now()
	delta := end.Sub(start)
	fmt.Printf("longCalculation took this amount of time: %s\n", delta)
}

func fibonacci(n int) (res uint64) {
	// memoization: check if fibonacci(n) is already known in array:
	if fibs[n] != 0 {
		res = fibs[n]
		return
	}
	if n <= 1 {
		res = 1
	} else {
		res = fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)
	}
	fibs[n] = res
	return
}

func climbStairs(n int) uint64 {
	if n == 1 {
		return 1
	}
	num1, num2 := 1, 1

	for i := 1; i < n; i++ {
		num2, num1 = num2+num1, num2
	}
	return uint64(num2)
}